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Questions about access to scholarship have always raged. The great libraries of the past stood as arguments for increasing access. John Willinsky describes the latest chapter in this ongoing story - online open access publishing by scholarly journals and makes a case for open access as a public good.
This open access State-of-the-Art Survey describes and documents the developments and results of the Once-Only Principle Project (TOOP). The Once-Only Principle (OOP) is part of the seven underlying principles of the eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020. It aims to make the government more effective and to reduce administrative burdens by asking citizens and companies to provide certain standard information to the public authorities only once. The project was horizontal and policy-driven with the aim of showing that the implementation of OOP in a cross-border and cross-sector setting is feasible. The book summarizes the results of the project from policy, organizational, architectural, and technical points of view.
On August 21, 2013, chemical weapons were unleashed on the civilian population in Syria, killing another 1,400 people in a civil war that had already claimed the lives of more than 140,000. As is all too often the case, the innocent found themselves victims of a violent struggle for political power. Such events are why human rights activists have long pressed for institutions such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) to investigate and prosecute some of the world’s most severe crimes: genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. While proponents extol the creation of the ICC as a transformative victory for principles of international humanitarian law, critics have often characterized it as either irrelevant or dangerous in a world dominated by power politics. Christopher Rudolph argues in Power and Principle that both perspectives are extreme. In contrast to prevailing scholarship, he shows how the interplay between power politics and international humanitarian law have shaped the institutional development of international criminal courts from Nuremberg to the ICC. Rudolph identifies the factors that drove the creation of international criminal courts, explains the politics behind their institutional design, and investigates the behavior of the ICC. Through the development and empirical testing of several theoretical frameworks, Power and Principle helps us better understand the factors that resulted in the emergence of international criminal courts and helps us determine the broader implications of their presence in society.
Principles of Data Integration is the first comprehensive textbook of data integration, covering theoretical principles and implementation issues as well as current challenges raised by the semantic web and cloud computing. The book offers a range of data integration solutions enabling you to focus on what is most relevant to the problem at hand. Readers will also learn how to build their own algorithms and implement their own data integration application. Written by three of the most respected experts in the field, this book provides an extensive introduction to the theory and concepts underlying today's data integration techniques, with detailed, instruction for their application using concrete examples throughout to explain the concepts. This text is an ideal resource for database practitioners in industry, including data warehouse engineers, database system designers, data architects/enterprise architects, database researchers, statisticians, and data analysts; students in data analytics and knowledge discovery; and other data professionals working at the R&D and implementation levels. - Offers a range of data integration solutions enabling you to focus on what is most relevant to the problem at hand - Enables you to build your own algorithms and implement your own data integration applications
This book provides an examination of whether there is a legally independent 'principle of humanity' in international humanitarian law.
Class-tested and thoughtfully designed for student engagement, Principles of Organic Chemistry provides the tools and foundations needed by students in a short course or one-semester class on the subject. This book does not dilute the material or rely on rote memorization. Rather, it focuses on the underlying principles in order to make accessible the science that underpins so much of our day-to-day lives, as well as present further study and practice in medical and scientific fields. This book provides context and structure for learning the fundamental principles of organic chemistry, enabling the reader to proceed from simple to complex examples in a systematic and logical way. Utilizing clear and consistently colored figures, Principles of Organic Chemistry begins by exploring the step-by-step processes (or mechanisms) by which reactions occur to create molecular structures. It then describes some of the many ways these reactions make new compounds, examined by functional groups and corresponding common reaction mechanisms. Throughout, this book includes biochemical and pharmaceutical examples with varying degrees of difficulty, with worked answers and without, as well as advanced topics in later chapters for optional coverage. Incorporates valuable and engaging applications of the content to biological and industrial uses Includes a wealth of useful figures and problems to support reader comprehension and study Provides a high quality chapter on stereochemistry as well as advanced topics such as synthetic polymers and spectroscopy for class customization
This thesis examines the principle of purpose limitation in data protection law from the perspective of regulating data-driven innovation. According to this approach, the principle of purpose limitation not only protects an individual's autonomy but simultaneously leaves sufficient room for data controllers to innovate when finding the best solution for protection. The first component of the principle of purpose limitation (i.e. to specify the purpose of data processing) is a precautionary protection instrument which obliges the controller to identify specific risks arising from its processing against all fundamental rights of the data subject. In contrast, the second component (i.e. the requirement to limit data processing to the preceding purpose) aims to control the risk caused by data processing that occurred at a later stage and adds to the risks which were previously identified. This approach provides an answer to the question of how the General Data Protection Regulation which does not only effectively protect an individual's autonomy but also helps controllers to turn their legal compliance into a mechanism that enhances innovation, should be interpreted with regard to all the fundamental rights of the data subject.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Health Information Science, HIS 2013, held in London, UK, in March 2013. The 20 full papers presented together with 3 short papers, 3 demo papers and one poster in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover all aspects of health information sciences and systems that support the health information management and health service delivery. The scope of the conference includes 1) medical/health/biomedicine information resources, such as patient medical records, devices and equipments, software and tools to capture, store, retrieve, process, analyse, and optimize the use of information in the health domain, 2) data management, data mining, and knowledge discovery, all of which play a key role in the decision making, management of public health, examination of standards, privacy and security issues, and 3) development of new architectures and applications for health information systems.
The Electronic Communications Code (schedule 2 to the Telecommunications Act 1984) sets out the regime that governs the rights of electronic communications operators to install and maintain infrastructure on public and private land. The Code strikes a balance between the rights and interests of landowners and network operators. This consultation paper discusses the current law and set out a number of provisional proposals and options for reform. The paper considers all the main provisions of the current Code and areas highlighted for potential reform include: the rights of operators and landowners under the Code, and the position of third parties; operators' obligations under the Code and related regulations; the test applied to determine whether code rights are granted to an operator where a landowner objects; the measure of the financial award to be paid to the landowner where an operator is granted code rights; the appropriate forum for the resolution of disputes, and other procedural issues; the interaction between the Code and other statutory regimes. The Code applies throughout the UK. The Commission's focus is on the law in England and Wales, but the project is being conducted in consultation with the Scottish and Northern Irish Law Commissions.