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To date, most studies of Malaysia's aboriginal people, the Orang Asli, have studied the community in either the rural or forest settings. This book, however, outlines the dynamics of Orang Asli migration to Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia's most urbanised region - and explores the lived experiences of these individuals in the urban space. The book begins by charting the history of the Orang Asli under British colonial rule followed by the community's experiences under the Malaysian government, in an attempt to provide a deeper understanding of the economic and social complexities facing the Orang Asli today. Based on extensive original research, the book goes on to discuss the interesting changes taking place among urban Orang Asli migrants with regards to gender dynamics, while exploring the unique ways in which these urban indigenous migrants maintain close links with their home communities in the rural spaces of Peninsular Malaysia. The book concludes by assessing how research on the urban Orang Asli fits into broader studies of urban and contemporary indigeneity in both Malaysia and abroad.
Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Glossary of terms -- List of abbreviations -- 1 Introduction to the Orang Asli -- The Klang Valley -- The Orang Asli -- Education -- Employment opportunities and income -- Health and medical services -- 2 Early and recent Orang Asli history -- The slave trade of 18th- and 19th-century Malaya -- British Malaya and governance -- The Orang Asli in post-independence Malaysia -- Sloth and heathen folly: the Orang Asli within Malaysia's modernisation narrative -- Malaynisation through Islamisation -- Orang Asli NGOs and indigenous activism -- 3 From the settlements and into the city: investigating Orang Asli experiences -- Administrative classification of Orang Asli settlements -- Migration and urban-village relations -- Maintaining urban-rural connections -- Marriage and divorce -- The sociality of sharing -- 4 Contextualising indigeneity -- Indigeneity in Malaysia -- Orang Asli and early Malay polities -- 5 Orang Asli and the question of gender -- Gender narratives and perceptions of gender roles in recent Orang Asli history -- The office of midwife -- Gender in Orang Asli leadership structures -- The gedo semaq of the Semelai -- The puyang of the Semelai -- 6 Inequality: the fragmentation of egalitarianism among the Orang Asli -- JAKOA and Orang Asli leadership -- Who holds the purse strings? Gender anxiety: development and implications of a cash economy -- Contemporary notions of gender roles among urban Orang Asli migrants -- Who wears the apron? Gender roles in the domestic sphere -- 7 Narratives on the Orang Asli and key considerations -- The big man speaks: governmental narratives -- The scholar speaks: academic narratives -- Reimagining the lines in Orang Asli studies -- Key considerations of this book -- Index.
The Malay-language term for the indigenous minority peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, “Orang Asli”, covers at least 19 culturally and linguistically distinct subgroups. This volume is a comprehensive survey of current understandings of Malaysia’s Orang Asli communities (including contributions from scholars within the Orang Asli community), looking at language, archaeology, history, religion and issues of education, health and social change, as well as questions of land rights and control of resources. Until about 1960 most Orang Asli lived in small camps and villages in the coastal and interior forests, or in isolated rural areas, and made their living by various combinations of hunting, gathering, fishing, agriculture, and trading forest products. By the end of the century, logging, economic development projects such as oil palm plantations, and resettlement programmes have displaced many Orang Asli communities and disrupted long-established social and cultural practices. The chapters in the present volume show Orang Asli responses to the challenges posed by a rapidly changing world. The authors also highlight the importance of Orang Asli studies for the anthropological understanding of small-scale indigenous societies in general.
To date, most studies of Malaysia’s aboriginal people, the Orang Asli, have studied the community in either the rural or forest settings. This book, however, outlines the dynamics of Orang Asli migration to Kuala Lumpur – Malaysia’s most urbanised region – and explores the lived experiences of these individuals in the urban space. The book begins by charting the history of the Orang Asli under British colonial rule followed by the community’s experiences under the Malaysian government, in an attempt to provide a deeper understanding of the economic and social complexities facing the Orang Asli today. Based on extensive original research, the book goes on to discuss the interesting changes taking place among urban Orang Asli migrants with regards to gender dynamics, while exploring the unique ways in which these urban indigenous migrants maintain close links with their home communities in the rural spaces of Peninsular Malaysia. The book concludes by assessing how research on the urban Orang Asli fits into broader studies of urban and contemporary indigeneity in both Malaysia and abroad.
Comprising of 18 sub-ethnic groups the indigenous communities, or better known as the Orang Asli, located in the Peninsular Malaysia, is a unique community in terms of their culture, lifestyle, and heritage. The life of the Orang Asli, popularly referred to as the Forest People, is highly intertwined with forest resources which makes the community a great source of information and traditional knowledge, particularly in the use of medicinal plants. This book covers three important issues to explain and gain insights into the sustainability of the Orang Asli: Social and demographics Sustainability of resource use Governance, administration and management The book presents research to help bridge the gaps and provides a baseline reference for further research regarding the sustainability of the Orang Asli. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students to help gain an understanding of the Orang Asli. By highlighting the plight of Orang Asli the authors hope that this community will be recognised and become a part of society. More research is required to help the 178,197 Orang Asli achieve the sustainable development goals for their community in the Peninsular Malaysia.
Recently, new compounds from medicinal plants were discovered, and they were used as anti-severe diseases. Therefore, this book covers interested research topics dealing with isolation, purification, and identification of active ingredients from wild and medicinal plants. This discovery will lead to an increase in the global pharmaceutical market as well as open such new gate for medicinal plant research. This book will add significant information to medical researchers and can be used for postgraduate students.
A brilliant demonstration of how so-called scientific knowledge is framed by the political circumstances and popular beliefs of the time, this book investigates the racial categorization of 'aborigines' and the interaction between the emerging discipline of anthropology and the evolving colonial administration in Malaya.
Sharply focused on key issues affecting indigenous and ethnic groups worldwide, this book is part of a series of ethnographies, authored by leading figures in the field of anthropology and builds on introductoy material by going further in- depth and allowing readers to explore, virtually first hand, a particular issue and its impact on a culture. Concentrates on a well-researched, specific issue and its impact on a particular culture. Provides in-depth information on a particular culture, expanding the readerOs grasp of the experiences and problems encountered by different cultures.
Indigenous peoples are an intrinsic part of countries like Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Finland, USA, India, Russia and almost all parts of South America and Africa. A considerable amount of research has been done during the twentieth century mainly by anthropologists, sociologists and linguists in order to describe, and document their traditional life style for the protection and safeguarding of their established knowledge, skills, languages and beliefs. These communities are engaging and adapting rapidly to the changing circumstances partly caused by post modernisation and the process of globalization. These have led them to aspire to better living standards, as well as preserving their uniqueness, approaches to environment, close proximity to social structures and communities. For at least the last two decades, patterns of increased economic activity by indigenous peoples in many countries have been viewed to be significantly on the rise. Indigenous People and Economic Development reveals some of the characteristics of this economic activity, 'coloured' by the unique regard and philosophy of life that indigenous people around the world have. The successes, difficulties and obstacles to economic development, their solutions and innovative practices in business - all of these elements, based on research findings, are discussed in this book and offer an inside view of the dynamics of the indigenous societies which are evolving in a globalised and highly interconnected contemporary world.