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Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a procedure that allows a clinician to examine the airways by placing a thin tube-like instrument through the nose or mouth and down into the lungs. The tube sends pictures back to a video screen or camera. The procedure can be either diagnostic, to diagnose lung disease, or therapeutic to treat some lung conditions. This atlas is a practical guide to the diagnosis and treatment of lung conditions using fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Beginning with an introduction to the history and application of the procedure, and discussion on normal and abnormal patterns of bronchial anatomy, the following sections present X-Ray, CT and bronchoscopic pictures of numerous cases encountered by the author. Each case is described in detail, highlighting possible complications and contraindications. A separate chapter is dedicated to paediatric bronchoscopy. A set of case studies on brochoscopic findings in benign and malignant pulmonary diseases has been included to help clinicians apply their knowledge. Key points Practical guide to diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases using fiberoptic bronchoscopy Presents numerous cases seen by the author Case studies of benign and malignant pulmonary diseases enhance learning Includes more than 450 X-Rays, CT images and bronchoscopic pictures
Incidence rates are counts divided by person-time; mortality rates are a well-known example. Analysis of Incidence Rates offers a detailed discussion of the practical aspects of analyzing incidence rates. Important pitfalls and areas of controversy are discussed. The text is aimed at graduate students, researchers, and analysts in the disciplines of epidemiology, biostatistics, social sciences, economics, and psychology. Features: Compares and contrasts incidence rates with risks, odds, and hazards. Shows stratified methods, including standardization, inverse-variance weighting, and Mantel-Haenszel methods Describes Poisson regression methods for adjusted rate ratios and rate differences. Examines linear regression for rate differences with an emphasis on common problems. Gives methods for correcting confidence intervals. Illustrates problems related to collapsibility. Explores extensions of count models for rates, including negative binomial regression, methods for clustered data, and the analysis of longitudinal data. Also, reviews controversies and limitations. Presents matched cohort methods in detail. Gives marginal methods for converting adjusted rate ratios to rate differences, and vice versa. Demonstrates instrumental variable methods. Compares Poisson regression with the Cox proportional hazards model. Also, introduces Royston-Parmar models. All data and analyses are in online Stata files which readers can download. Peter Cummings is Professor Emeritus, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle WA. His research was primarily in the field of injuries. He used matched cohort methods to estimate how the use of seat belts and presence of airbags were related to death in a traffic crash. He is author or co-author of over 100 peer-reviewed articles.
Children existed in ancient times as active participants in the societies in which they lived and the cultures they belonged to. Despite their various roles, and in spite of the demographic composition of ancient societies where children comprised a large percentage of the population, children are almost completely missing in many current archaeological discourses. To remedy this, The Archaeology of Childhood aims to instigate interdisciplinary dialogues between archaeologists and other disciplines on the notion of childhood and children and to develop theoretical and methodological approaches to analyze the archaeological record in order to explore and understand children and their role in the formation of past cultures. Contributors consider how the notion of childhood can be expressed in artifacts and material records and examine how childhood is described in literary and historical sources of people from different regions and cultures. While we may never be able to reconstruct every last aspect of what childhood was like in the past, this volume argues that we can certainly bring children back into archaeological thinking and research, and correct many erroneous and gender-biased interpretations.
Nutrition for the Older Adult is a clear, comprehensive text that introduces students to nutrition and health promotion for older adults. Covering such important topics as the physiological changes of aging, weight and nutrition problems in older adults, nutritional assessment and support for the elderly, and diet and cultural diversity as well as exercise prescriptions for older adults, this text is an essential resource for students in the fields of nutrition, nursing, and gerontology. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.