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That which is not obligatory is prohibited : censorship and incitement in the Arab world : hearing before the Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, January 22, 2008.
This volume explores the work of Polish phenomenologist Roman Ingarden (1893-1970) with respect to his ontology, epistemology and aesthetics. An outstanding student of Edmund Husserl, it offers a unique tribute to one of the most important figures in contemporary philosophy. Leszek Sosnowski and Natalia Anna Michna introduce a team of renowned scholars to present new and timely readings of Ingarden's thought, placing his philosophy in a broader historical and cultural context. In doing so, they offer a cutting edge reflection on the relevance, refinement and depth of Ingarden's theory. Chapters are not only retrospective, but also set out the present and future development of philosophy inspired by his works. Reinvigorating the debate about Ingarden's phenomenological legacy and its relevance for contemporary thought, this collection of essays guides us through his place in the history of philosophy and presents new perspectives on selected aspects of his theory.
The book is about the moral problem generated by morally controversial passages in scripture (and in the Qur'an in particular), passages that seem to allow violence and discrimination against women and sexual and religious minorities. The conservatives argue that scripture can override our own moral judgments and thus certain acts of violence or discrimination can be morally justified through scripture. The book explores this conservative argument and finds ways to undermine it. The book aims to show how a progressive Muslim, or a theist in general, can reject violence and discrimination without renouncing scripture as God's word. Moreover, the book provides a refreshing overview of the history of ethics in the Islamic tradition.
Forty years after his death, Hans Kelsen (1881-1973) remains one of the most discussed and influential legal philosophers of our time. This collection of new essays takes Kelsen's Pure Theory of Law as a stimulus, aiming to move forward the debate on several central issues in contemporary jurisprudence. The essays in Part I address legal validity, the normativity of law, and Kelsen's famous but puzzling idea of a legal system's 'basic norm'. Part II engages with the difficult issues raised by the social realities of law and the actual practices of legal officials. Part III focuses on conceptual features of legal systems and the logical structure of legal norms. All the essays were written for this volume by internationally renowned scholars from seven countries. Also included, in English translation, is an important polemical essay by Kelsen himself.
This handbook addresses legal reasoning and argumentation from a logical, philosophical and legal perspective. The main forms of legal reasoning and argumentation are covered in an exhaustive and critical fashion, and are analysed in connection with more general types (and problems) of reasoning. Accordingly, the subject matter of the handbook divides in three parts. The first one introduces and discusses the basic concepts of practical reasoning. The second one discusses the general structures and procedures of reasoning and argumentation that are relevant to legal discourse. The third one looks at their instantiations and developments of these aspects of argumentation as they are put to work in the law, in different areas and applications of legal reasoning.
INTRODUCTION Paolo Di Lucia and Lorenzo Passerini Glazel, Introduction. Veritas in Dicto, Veritas in Re Amedeo Giovanni Conte, Three Paradigms for a Philosophy of the True: Apophantic Truth, Eidological Truth, Idiological Truth SECTION I. Truth of Language (De Dicto Truth) vs. Truth of Things (De Re Truth) Roberta De Monticelli, Ockham’s Razor, or the Murder of Concreteness. A Vindication of the Unitarian Tradition Richard Davies, Monadic Truth and Falsity Stefano Caputo, One but not the Same Paolo Heritier, True God and True Man: Some Implications SECTION II. Truth of Things and the Normative and Axiological Dimensions of Reality Anna Donise, A Stratified Theory of Value Venanzio Raspa, On Emotional Truth Sergei Talanker, No True Persuasive Definition Marginalizes? Carlos Morujão, Subjective Meanings and Normative Values in Alfred Schutz’s Philosophy of Human Action SECTION III. Truth, Validity, and Normativity Pedro M. S. Alves, A Phenomenological Analysis of the Nomothetic Noema. Discussing the De Dicto and De Re Formulations of Normative Sentences Wojciech Żełaniec, Things We Must Never Do (If Any) Sara Papic, Can Linguistic Correctness Provide Us with Categorical Semantic Norms? Virginia Presi, Custom in Action. Ferdinand Tönnies’ Ontology of the Normative SECTION IV. Truth and Validity in Action: Norm Effectiveness and Nomotropic Behaviour Pascal Richard, Norms as “Intentional Systems” Alba Lojo, The Semantic Conception of Efficacy and Constitutive Rules: Mapping a Tough Relationship Giovanni Bombelli, Normativity, Truth, Validity and Effectiveness. Remarks Starting from the Horizon of the “Common Sense” SECTION V. Further Contributions Caterina Del Sordo and Roberta Lanfredini, Matter at a Crossroads: Givenness vs Forceful Quality Stefano Colloca, On the Deontic Validity of the General Exclusive Norm Alessandro Volpe, Doing Justice to Solidarity: On the Moral Role of Mutual Support
This volume presents a selection of the best papers from the 21st Annual University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Linguistics Symposium. Researchers from linguistics, psychology, computer science, and philosophy, using many different methods and focusing on many different facts of language, addressed the question of the existence of linguistic rules. Are such rules best seen as convenient tools for the description of languages, or are rules actually invoked by individual language users? Perhaps the most serious challenge to date to the linguistic rule is the development of connectionist architecture. Indeed, these systems must be viewed as a serious challenge to the foundations of all of contemporary linguistics.Four broad themes emerged from the Milwaukee conference, corresponding to the four parts of the volume. Part I centers on arguments for the existence of symbolic rules in linguistic competence and performance. Part II contains arguments against symbolic rules, presenting connectionist models and other alternatives to the symbolic paradigm. Parts III and IV take up two issues that are central to a number of language researchers: Language acquisition and learnability, and modularity. These issues are addressed from within both rule-based and non-rule-based perspectives.Contributors: Farrell Ackerman, Michael Barlow, Catherine Best, David Corina, Roberta Corrigan, Kim Daugherty, Bruce Derwing, Jeff Elman, Alice Faber, John Goldsmith, Helen Goodluck, Neil Jacobs, Richard Janda, Brian Joseph, Michael Kac, Alan Kawamoto, Suzanne Kemmer, Susan Lima, Brian MacWhinney, Steven Pinker, Alan Prince, Gerald Sanders, Hinrich Schutze, Mark Seidenberg, Royal Skousen, Nicholas Sobin, Joseph Stemberger, Gregory Stone, Ann Thyme, Robert Van Valin.