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The past decade has seen tremendous progress towards the development of quantum networks, wherein quantum states are transmitted over long distances for applications in distributed quantum computing, quantum-enhanced metrology, and quantum key distribution. In particular, recent results have demonstrated the fundamental building blocks of "quantum repeaters" --- network nodes containing quantum memories that can store, process, and retransmit photonic qubits. Such repeaters are key to deploying scalable quantum networks that can realize the full range of quantum networking applications. However, work in this area has typically been confined to small numbers of low-yield devices, operating in single laboratory environments. Moving from delicate, proof-of-principle physics experiments to robust, practical systems requires advancements on a number of fronts, ranging from fundamental materials science and qubit development to high-level quantum-compatible communications infrastructures. Here, we pursue a full-stack approach towards deployable quantum networks, specifically with solid-state defect centers as quantum memories. We investigate single qubit registers, studying creation techniques and multi-spin architectures that might enhance qubit performance. Next, we propose architectures at the device and repeater levels for improving the ability of a network to take advantage of high-performance qubits. Finally, we develop the classical infrastructure necessary for realizing quantum networks across real-world fiber links, concluding with a demonstration of photon-to-spin quantum state transfer across a 50 km deployed network in the Boston area. Together, these efforts represent a significant step in realizing scalable, memory-enabled quantum networks.
Faithful communication is a necessary precondition for large-scale quantum information processing and networking, irrespective of the physical platform. Thus, the problems of quantum-state transfer and quantum-network engineering have attracted enormous interest over the last years, and constitute one of the most active areas of research in quantum information processing. The present volume introduces the reader to fundamental concepts and various aspects of this exciting research area, including links to other related areas and problems. The implementation of state-transfer schemes and the engineering of quantum networks are discussed in the framework of various quantum optical and condensed matter systems, emphasizing the interdisciplinary character of the research area. Each chapter is a review of theoretical or experimental achievements on a particular topic, written by leading scientists in the field. The volume aims at both newcomers as well as experienced researchers.
Color centers in diamond are attractive candidates for implementing single-atom quantum memories in a quantum network. This thesis describes an approach to build quantum networks nodes based on color centers in diamond. We propose to use a novel single-atom quantum memory, the neutral charge state of silicon vacancy (SiV0), as the building block for future quantum network. The unique combination of long spin coherence times and efficient optical transitions makes SiV0 a promising candidate for such application. Leveraging the excellent spin and optical properties of SiV0, we design a hybrid III-V diamond photonic platform that can both enhance the photon emission of SiV0 and perform on-chip frequency conversion to the telecommunication C-band. As a first step towards building quantum network nodes based on SiV0, we design, fabricate and characterize nanophotonic cavities on the GaAs-on-diamond platform. Preliminary results show that a quality factor of 1,328 can be achieved despite the challenges in fabrication. Coupling the cavity to a single SiV0 center in diamond could in principle enable a Purcell enhancement of the SiV0 emission with a factor of 64. This could potentially enhance spin readout and spin-photon entanglement fidelity for SiV0. Eventually, the results and techniques described in this thesis could contribute to the developments of multi-node quantum networks that span across the globe.
Recent advancements in quantum-enabled systems present a variety of new opportunities and challenges. These technologies are important developments for a variety of computing, communications, and sensing applications. However, many materials and components relevant to quantum-enabled systems exist outside of the United States, and it is important to promote the development of assured domestic sources of materials, manufacturing capabilities, and expertise. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day workshop to explore implications and concerns related to the application of quantum-enabled systems in the United States. This workshop focused on quantum-enabled computing systems, quantum communications and networks, and quantum sensing opportunities. Participants explored the path to quantum computing, communications, and networks, opportunities for collaboration, as well as key gaps, supply chain concerns, and security issues. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
This review volume takes an indepth look at the current research done in this important area of solid state science. Although the emphasis is on modelling the properties of definite materials, perfect crystal lattices are also considered in some detail. It is noteworthy that the review articles are written by some of the best known experts in the field.
The field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science underpins many technologies and continues to progress at an exciting pace for both scientific discoveries and technological innovations. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of functioning matter to help advance the understanding of the universe. It is a foundational discipline within the physical sciences, relating to atoms and their constituents, to molecules, and to light at the quantum level. AMO physics combines fundamental research with practical application, coupling fundamental scientific discovery to rapidly evolving technological advances, innovation and commercialization. Due to the wide-reaching intellectual, societal, and economical impact of AMO, it is important to review recent advances and future opportunities in AMO physics. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States assesses opportunities in AMO science and technology over the coming decade. Key topics in this report include tools made of light; emerging phenomena from few- to many-body systems; the foundations of quantum information science and technologies; quantum dynamics in the time and frequency domains; precision and the nature of the universe, and the broader impact of AMO science.
Quantum mechanics, the subfield of physics that describes the behavior of very small (quantum) particles, provides the basis for a new paradigm of computing. First proposed in the 1980s as a way to improve computational modeling of quantum systems, the field of quantum computing has recently garnered significant attention due to progress in building small-scale devices. However, significant technical advances will be required before a large-scale, practical quantum computer can be achieved. Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. This report considers hardware and software requirements, quantum algorithms, drivers of advances in quantum computing and quantum devices, benchmarks associated with relevant use cases, the time and resources required, and how to assess the probability of success.
This book brings together reviews by internationally renowed experts on quantum optics and photonics. It describes novel experiments at the limit of single photons, and presents advances in this emerging research area. It also includes reprints and historical descriptions of some of the first pioneering experiments at a single-photon level and nonlinear optics, performed before the inception of lasers and modern light detectors, often with the human eye serving as a single-photon detector. The book comprises 19 chapters, 10 of which describe modern quantum photonics results, including single-photon sources, direct measurement of the photon's spatial wave function, nonlinear interactions and non-classical light, nanophotonics for room-temperature single-photon sources, time-multiplexed methods for optical quantum information processing, the role of photon statistics in visual perception, light-by-light coherent control using metamaterials, nonlinear nanoplasmonics, nonlinear polarization optics, and ultrafast nonlinear optics in the mid-infrared.
Eurocrypt is a series of open workshops on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques. These meetings have taken place in Europe every year since 1982 and are sponsored by the International Association for Cryptologic Research. Eurocrypt '93 was held in the village of Lofthus in Norway in May 1993. The call for papers resulted in 117 submissions with authors representing 27 different countries. The 36 accepted papers were selected by the program committee after a blind refereeing process. The papers are grouped into parts on authentication, public key, block ciphers, secret sharing, stream ciphers, digital signatures, protocols, hash functions, payment systems, and cryptanalysis. The volume includes 6 further rump session papers.