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This volume explores the myriad of techniques and methodological approaches that are being used in breast cancer research. The authors critically evaluate of the advantages and disadvantages of current methodologies, starting with the tools available for understanding the architecture of the human breast, including its tissue and cellular composition. The volume discusses the importance of functional studies in breast cancer research, especially with the help of laser capture microdissection, which allows the separation of small amounts of tissue, as well as specific cells, for biochemical analysis. In addition, the authors address methodologies including stem cell separation, which has helped in significantly understanding their role in normal breast development, but also further the understanding of breast cancer and its therapeutic management. The use of in vitro techniques and established cell lines for mechanistic studies in chemotherapeutic approaches have been invaluable will be discussed. Imaging techniques for evaluating in vitro and in vivo behavior of normal and cancerous breast tissue will be explored, as it provides a better understanding of the physiopathology of cancer. The volume will also discuss the molecular analysis of gene function in breast cancer through the transcriptomic and epigenomic profile. More importantly, the advancement of more refined techniques in sequencing will be covered. This monograph will be a comprehensive, authoritative and timely, as it addresses the emerging approaches used in breast cancer research.
A collection of both well-established and cutting-edge methods for investigating breast cancer biology not only in the laboratory, but also in clinical settings. These readily reproducible techniques solve a variety of problems, ranging from how to collect, store, and prepare human breast tumor samples for analysis, to analyzing cells in vivo and in vitro. Additional chapters address the technology of handling biopsies, new methods for analyzing genes and gene expression, markers of clinical outcome and progress, analysis of tumor-derived proteins and antigens, validating targets, and investigating the biology of newly discovered genes.
Breast cancer is a recognized disease around the world with varying patient outcomes based on the type of breast cancer, access to healthcare and other factors. Survival rates for breast cancer are significantly lower in metastatic cases than localized cases. Early diagnosis and effective treatments for the efficient management of breast cancer are now in demand , as they help to prolong patient life. There have been many breakthrough developments in the molecular biology of breast cancer research in recent times. Advancements in diagnostic techniques (imaging and biomarker detection) for breast cancer have improved the screening of the disease and have improved patient outcomes. Despite these enhancements, the disease is still lethal for patients and the search for a cure requires a complete understanding of the disease. Current Advances in Breast Cancer Research: A Molecular Approach presents a comprehensive overview of current basic and translational research on the subject. The 14 chapters of the book give emphasis to current knowledge about breast cancer, ongoing challenges, and innovative research findings by different research groups. Readers will find detailed information about breast cancer biology, genetics, clinical diagnostics and treatments. Additional information for advanced readers in life sciences, such as techniques relevant to genomics (including genetic fingerprinting), proteomics, metabolomics and medicine (such as imaging and molecular diagnostics) is also provided. The combination of both basic and advanced information makes this book a useful reference to the student and researcher, alike, seeking an understanding about breast cancer at a molecular level.
Breast cancer remains the most common invasive cancer among women. The primary patients of breast cancer are adult women who are approaching or have reached menopause; 90 percent of new cases in U.S. women in 2009 were diagnosed at age 45 or older. Growing knowledge of the complexity of breast cancer stimulated a transition in breast cancer research toward elucidating how external factors may influence the etiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer and the Environment reviews the current evidence on a selection of environmental risk factors for breast cancer, considers gene-environment interactions in breast cancer, and explores evidence-based actions that might reduce the risk of breast cancer. The book also recommends further integrative research into the elements of the biology of breast development and carcinogenesis, including the influence of exposure to a variety of environmental factors during potential windows of susceptibility during the full life course, potential interventions to reduce risk, and better tools for assessing the carcinogenicity of environmental factors. For a limited set of risk factors, evidence suggests that action can be taken in ways that may reduce risk for breast cancer for many women: avoiding unnecessary medical radiation throughout life, avoiding the use of some forms of postmenopausal hormone therapy, avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, increasing physical activity, and minimizing weight gain. Breast Cancer and the Environment sets a direction and a focus for future research efforts. The book will be of special interest to medical researchers, patient advocacy groups, and public health professionals.
"This is an excellent book for researchers who want to conduct nursing research using life history. It contains worthwhile basic information about the design and many good examples of its use. " -- Doody's Book Review Service Life history is a qualitative research method used to tell the story of an individual through the eyes of a researcher, who frames the story within the context of the culture in which the person lived. In this book, experienced scholars in qualitative life history research discuss the theoretical rationale for using this design, describe its components, and delineate a practical plan to conduct studies, including a focus on appropriate methods, ethical considerations, and potential pitfalls. Examples from published nursing research with author commentary help to support new researchers in making decisions and facing challenges. This concise, "how to" guide to conducting ethnography research is part of the seven-book nursing series, Qualitative Designs and Methods, which focuses on qualitative methodologies. The series will be of direct aid to novice nurse researchers and specialists seeking to develop or enhance their competency in a particular design, graduate educators and students in qualitative research courses, research sections in larger hospitals, and in-service educators and students. The book describes traditional and focused life history, phases of research, and methodology from sample and setting to dissemination and follow-up. Case studies follow a template that includes a description of the study, data collection and analysis, and dissemination. The book also discusses techniques whereby researchers can ensure high standards of rigor. With a focus on practical problem solving throughout, the book will be of value to novice and experienced nurse researchers, graduate teachers and students, in-service educators and students, and nursing research staff at health care institutions. Key Features: Includes examples of state-of-the-art life history nursing research with content analysis Describes types of life history, phases of research, and methodology Provides case studies including description, data collection and analysis, and dissemination Written by international scholars of qualitative life history
The purpose of this training program in biostatistics for breast cancer research is to provide biostatisticians with the requisite scientific knowledge to understand current issues in breast cancer research, and training in statistical and epidemiological techniques and research methodology related to breast cancer. The training leads to the doctorate of philosophy in biostatistics. The methods of training include formal course work in biostatistics, epidemiology and biology related to breast cancer, interdisciplinary seminars on current research and biostatistical topics in breast cancer research, and mentored research in collaboration with biostatistics faculty and breast cancer investigators.
Cancer on the Margins presents the findings of the Ontario Breast Cancer Community Research Iniative, an organization created to investigate the experiences of women with breast cancer from marginalized and underrepresented groups. The authors examine the psychosocial needs of women living with breast cancer, while investigating differences in treatment, care, and survivorship amongst Aboriginal women, women of colour, francophone women, lesbians, as well as young women, lower-income women, and women in rural areas. Structured as a guide for similar research, Cancer on the Margins provides a "start to finish" format that reveals the complexities of doing such work at each stage of research, beginning with the study design and ending with the dissemination of results. The authors address the challenges of working with and speaking for these groups of women, the tension between description and interpretation, and the challenge for qualitative work to present findings that positively influence the circumstances of research participants. With a strong commitment to social justice, this volume also shows how participatory research can lead to social change, and indicates effective ways to ensure that research not only reaches, but is also employed in, the communities it intends to serve. Bridging the gap between a wide range of audiences, this vitally important work will be of interest to health professionals, new researchers, policy makers, new researchers, and experienced investigators, as well as the public.
Drug and Therapy Development for Triple Negative Breast Cancer The first comprehensive and up-to-date compilation of modern diagnostic and treatment methods for triple negative breast cancer In Drug and Therapy Development for Triple Negative Breast Cancer, a team of distinguished practitioners delivers an in-depth and authoritative discussion of contemporary methods for treating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The editors have included material that covers its molecular causes, initial detection, diagnostic tools, treatment procedures, pharmacology, and new and experimental therapies—including nanotherapeutics and photothermal therapies. As the first comprehensive compilation of modern treatment methods for TNBC, this reference is an unmatched source of information about current and future treatment approaches, including machine learning methods for earlier detection and more accurate diagnosis. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to HER receptors in breast cancers Comprehensive explorations of the etiology and therapy of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and the early-stage diagnosis of breast cancer Application of artificial intelligence to breast cancer diagnosis New insights on the role of DNA replication stress and genome instability in breast cancer Perfect for medicinal and pharmaceutical chemists, Drug and Therapy Development for Triple Negative Breast Cancer will also benefit oncologists and professionals working in the pharmaceutical industry or in hospital settings.
This book introduces and discusses the most important aspects of clinical research methods and biostatistics for oncologists, pursuing a tailor-made and practical approach. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been in vogue in the last few decades, particularly in rapidly advancing fields such as oncology. This approach has been used to support decision-making processes worldwide, sparking new clinical research and guidelines on clinical and surgical oncology. Clinical oncology research has many peculiarities, including specific study endpoints, a special focus on survival analyses, and a unique perspective on EBM. However, during medical studies and in general practice, these topics are barely taught. Moreover, even when EBM and clinical cancer research are discussed, they are presented in a theoretical fashion, mostly focused on formulas and numbers, rather than on clinical application for a proper literature appraisal. Addressing that gap, this book discusses more practical aspects of clinical research and biostatistics in oncology, instead of relying only on mathematical formulas and theoretical considerations. Methods and Biostatistics in Oncology will help readers develop the skills they need to understand the use of research on everyday oncology clinical practice for study design and interpretation, as well to demystify the use of EBM in oncology.
Multivariate analysis is a mainstay of statistical tools in the analysis of biomedical data. It concerns with associating data matrices of n rows by p columns, with rows representing samples (or patients) and columns attributes of samples, to some response variables, e.g., patients outcome. Classically, the sample size n is much larger than p, the number of variables. The properties of statistical models have been mostly discussed under the assumption of fixed p and infinite n. The advance of biological sciences and technologies has revolutionized the process of investigations of cancer. The biomedical data collection has become more automatic and more extensive. We are in the era of p as a large fraction of n, and even much larger than n. Take proteomics as an example. Although proteomic techniques have been researched and developed for many decades to identify proteins or peptides uniquely associated with a given disease state, until recently this has been mostly a laborious process, carried out one protein at a time. The advent of high throughput proteome-wide technologies such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy make it possible to generate proteomic signatures that facilitate rapid development of new strategies for proteomics-based detection of disease. This poses new challenges and calls for scalable solutions to the analysis of such high dimensional data. In this volume, we will present the systematic and analytical approaches and strategies from both biostatistics and bioinformatics to the analysis of correlated and high-dimensional data.