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"Les systèmes socio-techniques complexes ouvrent aujourd'hui des possibilités inédites dans les divers champs de la technologie, et entraînent de profonds bouleversements dans l'organisation des sociétés humaines. Il semble cependant que la sélection des options de recherche et de développement s'opère sur la base de critères relevant pour l'essentiel de la science, de la technique, et de l'économie. Dès lors, la diffusion des applications techniques de la science et des technologies d'information et de communication, généralement soustraite à la discussion démocratique, provoque une véritable crise dans les rapports science - société. Il importe donc de s'interroger sur la capacité des systèmes de pouvoir et de décision à résoudre cette crise selon des exigences démocratiques et éthiques".--Éditeur.
This volume honors the professional life of Jacques Berleur. He is known for his extensive work within the IFIP community to expose the nature of the ethical dilemmas of a society increasingly reliant on complex ICT infrastructures, to raise awareness of the social challenges this poses, and to influence action compatible with the ethical values of western democracy.
Organizations communicate in complex and various ways, and the context is mainly characterized by the pervasiveness of the digital ecosystem, including the Web, social networks and the Internet of data. However, its information delivery cannot overlook the requirements of multicultural communications at a variety of levels. Digital Presences of Organizations highlights the communication roadblocks faced by organizations as they emerge, arising not only from issues encountered on their own websites, but also as they construct online narratives. This multi-faceted and multi-strategy digital presence of organizations is addressed via three main thematic axes. The first focuses on differentiated strategies (content, services, interaction) that can be observed depending on the types of organizations and their users. The second examines the cultural dimension of websites, ranging from the local to the global. Finally, the third focuses on the role of narration in organizations' online communication strategies.
Computer software (operating systems, web browsers, word processors, etc.) structure our daily lives. Comprising both a user interface and the electronic circuits of the machine it is printed to, software represents a hybrid object at the crossroads of materiality and immateriality. But is it, strictly speaking, a technical object? By examining the status of software against the criteria of philosophy of classic techniques, in particular that of Gilbert Simondon, this book lays the groundwork of a philosophical reflection on this subject. Further, in order to help introduce readers to problematics, lines of code and explanatory schemas have been provided.
Le mot de gouvernance revient désormais à tout propos, comme une espèce de brevet de compétence que les dirigeants qui l'utilisent à profusion se décernent à eux-mêmes, mais sans que " les gouvernés " que nous sommes ne comprennent en général de quoi ils parlent précisément. Cet ouvrage se propose d'éclairer " ce que gouvernance veut dire ", sous ses multiples angles d'application et depuis divers lieux l'Europe, le Mexique et l'Amérique du Nord. Le mot souvent ne fait guère que se substituer à celui de gouvernement, sans rien y ajouter, sinon une tonalité caressante inspirée par la mode. D'autres fois, pourtant, il possède des significations bien définies, mais malheureusement dispersées, applicables selon les cas à la conduite des entreprises, ou bien à la gestion des villes, ou encore au fonctionnement d'un système international en quête de procédures nouvelles. Cela sans oublier la " bonne gouvernance " exigée des pays pauvres par la Banque mondiale, de même que la gouvernance européenne qui est synonyme du mode de gouvernement post-étatique de l'Union européenne. Au constat de tous ces frémissements qui modifient l'art de mener les peuples, une question cruciale surgit finalement à l'esprit. La gouvernance n'est-elle qu'une simple méthode ou technique nouvelle de " management " de nos sociétés ? Ou bien ne faudrait-il pas y voir déjà le nom d'un régime politique en gestation, futur certes, mais proche, celui d'une après-démocratie qui s'insinuerait dans nos pays sans que nous y prenions encore garde ?
Organizational communication is a rapidly evolving field of communication studies. How has it developed over the last decade? How do the pioneers of the discipline see its future? The Handbook of Organizational Communication brings you up-to-date with the latest advances in this exciting field. Leading scholars review and synthesize important developments in research and theory. They also suggest future directions for research.
This book offers an authoritative study of election observation in Africa and its relation with democratization processes. Election observation is a hotly debated issue in contemporary international relations and in political science. It is seen by donor- countries and the international community as a means to enhance democratization, but has been controversial with regard to the `mandates' of the observers, the cases of its misappropriation by authoritarian governments and its masking of other donor-country interests. The book addresses fundamental issues of elections and democrat-ization in Africa, evaluation policies and implementation, as well as the historical backgrounds. A range of case studies leads to new interpretations, which challenge previous empiricist accounts of election observation in Africa. Greater attention to historical and cultural context is required than has been present in previous, somewhat prescriptive accounts. An interdisciplinary approach gives fair coverage of the historical, political and cultural issues involved in elections and election observation in Africa. Key examples of the interface between election observation and democratization processes in various important countries in Africa are presented, linking an analysis of policies and practice. The book contributes to topical debates on the dilemmas and challenges of 'good governance' and on the varieties of democracy as a global phenomenon.