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Indonesia has achieved an impressive 84% electrification ratio, but faces significant challenges in reaching the remaining 16% of its households. This report describes Indonesia’s electrification environment and identifies barriers to achieving universal electricity access. Principles drawn from international best practices such as government commitment, enabling institutional environments, adequate and sustainable financing, and stakeholder coordination are discussed in the context of Indonesia’s energy sector. The report gives recommendations for establishing service standards, streamlining financing, setting appropriate targets, and monitoring and evaluation, as well as near-term steps to help achieve universal electricity access.
Geothermal energy represents one of the key options for Indonesia to achieve a comprehensive approach to national energy development. The rapid increase in fossil-fuel based energy consumption, which is subject to volatility in the world oil market, is the main challenge facing the country's energy supply. This study documents key issues that have constrained the development of geothermal power in Indonesia, including tariffs, tendering processes, financial considerations, permitting, and interagency coordination. It also makes recommendations to unlock the potential of the sector, including a new tariff regime, improvements to the tendering process, renegotiation of power purchase agreements, and innovative modes of financing.
Maldives has no proven fossil fuel reserves, but it has abundant renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and ocean (tidal, wave, and ocean thermal), and has the potential to produce green hydrogen fuel using renewable energy. The coronavirus pandemic has impaired Maldives’ economy, severely affecting its tourism industry, which is one the country’s main economic drivers. The country’s recovery will largely depend on the rapid transformation and diversification of its economic activities. Renewable energy offers a promising alternative to fossil fuels as the country embarks on a transformation challenge. This Road Map serves as a guide for Maldives’ energy transition—from being powered by costly and polluting fossil fuels to being powered by affordable and efficient renewable and cleaner energy sources.