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Efficient utilization of resources is the basic principle of economics. In line with this for those who are engaged in production, should think about their efficiency to boost production and productivity. With this end, working on improving Technical and Allocative efficiency enables the business productive and profitable. Hence, good knowledge on this subject matter has a vital importance. By doing so, this book helps to understand the basic principles and applications of Technical and Allocative efficiency for any body who has interest on this area.
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2021 in the subject Agrarian Studies, , language: English, abstract: Farming is the way of life for smallholder farmers of Ethiopian which is characterized with low productivity. Thus poor are failing to achieve rapid economic growth due to food insecurity. Hence the best possible means of achieving economic development is through increasing sustainable allocation resource efficiency. This study employed stochastic frointer approach to assess the levels of efficiency and Tobit model to assess the determinants of efficiency by collecting data from 154 sample household in Gudeya Bila district, western parts of Ethiopia.
The selection of a suitable model for efficiency analysis is one of the most important issues in policy analysis. Given the recent interest in the use of distance functions as alternative representation of production technology, this study compares the empirical performances of the parametric stochastic input distance function to its nonparametric counterpart, data envelopment analysis. A further comparison is made between the alternatives of a distance and production function frontiers. It further integrates efficiency scores from the consistent approaches in order to evaluate the performance of the sampled farm households and for analysis of policy impacts on technical, allocative and cost efficiency. The usefulness of the proposed methodology is applied to smallholder maize production in Benue State Nigeria. The maize subsector has featured in a number of Nigeria's policy initiatives, the most current of which involves doubling of its production and productivity through promotion of improved technologies such as hybrid seed, inorganic fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides, and better management practices. Despite the policy initiatives, maize productivity has remained low raising questions about the efficiency of resource use by farmers and the benefits of Nigeria's technology policy. The study used data obtained from a field survey for the 2008/2009 agricultural year. A multistage stratified sampling technique was employed in selection of respondents. A total of 240 maize farm households were randomly selected and interviewed using structured questionnaires. Results from all the approaches indicated considerable technical, allocative and cost inefficiency under both traditional and improved maize technology. Technical efficiency estimates range from 80 to 87 percent. Allocative efficiency estimates range from 53 to 74 percent while cost efficiency estimates range from 45 to 62 percent. The results from all the approaches indicated that inefficiency in maize production in Benue State is dominated by cost inefficiency suggesting the immense potential of enhancing production through improvement in overall efficiency. The overall consistency check shows that technical, allocative and cost efficiency measures from the three distance functions were consistent whereas similar conclusions could not hold when these were compared to the production frontier especially for technical efficiency estimates. Given the consistency of results from the parametric and non-parametric distance functions, an integrated input distance model was developed for providing final efficiency estimates and analysis of policy impacts. The results show that both traditional and improved technology users were technically, allocatively and cost inefficient. The average technical, allocative and cost efficiency are 84.2, 65.7 and 54.5 percent, respectively implying that there is a possibility of raising maize production by 45.5 percent through overall efficiency improvement. Under the integrated approach, the study revealed that hybrid seeds, inorganic fertilizer and conservation practices have positive and significant impact on farm efficiency. Other determinants of efficiency include education, age, household size, land size, credit, and membership in a farmer group. The findings justify the need for further public investment in maize technology development and proper implementation of the relevant policies in order to enhance the efficiency with which maize has been produced thereby increasing its productivity, food security and farm incomes and subsequently reducing poverty in Nigeria.
The study was aimed at analyzing the technical efficiency in maize production of smallholder farmers in Mecha district, West Gojjam, ANRS. Cross sectional data from 120 maize producer farmers were collected during 2004/05 production season. The estimated results of the Cobb-Douglas frontier model with inefficiency variables shows that the mean technical efficiency of the farmers in the production of maize is 78 percent. This implies that maize productivity can be increased by 22 percent given the existing technological level. Thus currently farmers are not using production inputs efficiently in such a way that they give their maximum potential. The discrepancy ratio gamma ( ), which measures the relative deviation of output from the frontier level due to inefficiency, was about 66 percent. This implies that about 66 percent of the variation in maize production (yield) among the sample respondents was attributed to technical inefficiency effects. The estimated stochastic production frontier (SPF) model also indicates that DAP fertilizer, Area, Labor and Pesticide are significant determinants of maize production level."
Modern textbook presentations of production economics typically treat producers as successful optimizers. Conventional econometric practice has generally followed this paradigm, and least squares based regression techniques have been used to estimate production, cost, profit and other functions. In such a framework deviations from maximum output, from minimum cost and cost minimizing input demands, and from maximum profit and profit maximizing output supplies and input demands, are attributed exclusively to random statistical noise. However casual empiricism and the business press both make persuasive cases for the argument that, although producers may indeed attempt to optimize, they do not always succeed. This book develops econometric techniques for the estimation of production, cost and profit frontiers, and for the estimation of the technical and economic efficiency with which producers approach these frontiers. Since these frontiers envelop rather than intersect the data, and since the authors continue to maintain the traditional econometric belief in the presence of external forces contributing to random statistical noise, the work is titled Stochastic Frontier Analysis.
Intended for policymakers and scholars, the 15 contributions in this volume are divided into two sections: the first provides six country case studies of the evolving maize economies of Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Kenya, Ghana, and Nigeria. The second part synthesizes major technological, institutional, and policy issues with chapters on research and extension, soil fertility, seed and fertilizer delivery systems, and marketing and price policy. Paper edition (754-0), $29.95. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, , course: Agricultural Economics, language: English, abstract: This study aimed to analyze the technical efficiency of sesame production in Humera area and to identify major factors that cause efficiency differentials of smallholder farmers. The objective of the study is to measure the technical efficiency of small holder farmers in sesame production. The study was conducted using a cross sectional data collected in 2015/2016-production year from a total sample of 110 households. Cobb-Douglas function was employed to estimate technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in sesame production. The finding of the study indicated that there is inefficiency in the production of sesame in the study area. The estimation of the frontier model with inefficiency variables shows that the mean technical efficiency of farmers is 0.69 (69%). This implies that production of sesame can be increased by 31 percent given the existing technological level. This indicates that the farmers did not using production inputs efficiently in such a way that they give their maximum potential. The estimated stochastic production frontier model together with the inefficiency parameters suggests that any attempt to strengthen technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in the study area must give due attention to the improvement of the principal causes for efficiency differentials such as education, age, extension contact, credit availability, off farm activities and proximity, which were found to be significant determinants of efficiency level. The negative coefficient of educational status, age, credit availability, extension contact and off farm activities means these factors are important in determining the existing efficiency of farmers positively and significantly. While the positive coefficients of proximity indicate that the increments in these factors increase inefficiency. Given the limited resources in the study area will enable the concerned parties engaged in efforts for improvement of the product and productivity of this part of the community to bring about the desired changes in a cost effective way than trying to inject an investment on the production of sesame.
Maize is staple crop for ensuring food security of the majority of the population. Based on a two-period panel data of 2017 and 2019 production seasons, we examined the efficiency status of 483 maize producing farmers in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. For the analysis, different time-variant panel stochastic frontier estimation models were applied. We found that land, seed, fertilizer, farm labor, and farm tools had significant positive elasticity considering the producers' efficiency status. The quality of land used for maize production had a significant impact on farm efficiency gain. The covariates of household size, livestock ownership, extension contact, and credit access were also important in reducing the inefficiency of the maize producers. The mean technical efficiency over the panel period was found to be 62%, whereas the time-varying and the time-invariant efficiency components accounted for 86% and 71%, respectively. Despite the observed gap from the recommended rate, the intensity of fertilizer use increased on average by 18.6% during the panel period. Hence, enhanced access to production inputs and the identified determinant factors were important in approaching the higher frontier in maize production in the study areas.