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It is remarkable that each month the quantity ofarticles published on AIDS still that address numbers in the thousands. The basic, clinical and sociological aspects this epidemic have been vigorously investigated, and equally as extensively reported in traditional as well as new journals. Therefore, what can the reader ofthis volume expect to find that is different from the information already found in the literature? The authors of this text met in October 1993 to discuss not only AIDS and its effects on the nervous system but also to address the problem from the point of view of the diverse technologies that are used in understanding the disease. Just as the recog nition ofoncogenic viruses gave us insights into cellular genes that govern growth, the study ofHIV-I in the nervous system has opened new areas ofinvestigation in the nervous system. Use of human fetal and glioma-derived cell cultures, discovery of toxins in the nervous system, release and damage of cytokines in the brain, the neuropathic effects of HIV proteins, the investigation of new treatment for neuro AIDS, and virus detection strategies to identify latent HIVI infection are described in this volume. Basic and clinical investigators from more than thirty laboratories around the world contributed to the ideas discussed at the meeting, "Technical Advances in AIDS Research in the Human Nervous System.
During the past two decades, the world scientific community has witnessed major achievements in our understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV infection of the nervous system and HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD). Despite these giant gains, nervous system involvement during AIDS remains a relentlessly progressive disease with a deadly fate in many cases. This book on NeuroAIDS provides a unique resource for both general neurologists as well as basic neuroscientists with profound interests for research on NeuroAIDS. This book has special emphasis on the mechanisms of disease development and progression of HIV-infected patients with NeuroAIDS. The contributors have provided the readers with comprehensive reviews on clinical manifestations of HAD, mechanisms of HIV entry into the central nervous system, the role of cytokines and chemokines in pathogenesis of NeuroAIDS, drug abuse and NeuroAIDS, virus load in HAD, allostasis in HIV and AIDS, stroke in AIDS patients, and neuroimaging of HIV infection of the central nervous system. In addition, there are chapters on Varicella Zoster virus infection of HIV-seropositive and AIDS patients, as well as the molecular basis for opioids and AIDS virus interactions.
This volume provides a comprehensive understanding of HIV/AIDS and neuro-AIDS, including a history of the disease, and an explanation of many of the conditions that can arise in afflicted patients, including opportunistic infections, central nervous system tumors, spinal cord disorders, myopathies and progressive encephalopathy, amongst others. Clinicians will gain a greater understanding of the complex mechanisms of the disease. Beginning with a basic introduction to HIV infections and Neuro-AIDS, practitioners will find useful data on advances in molecular biology, neuroepidemiology, neuroimaging, neuropathology, neuropharmacology, as well as information on the development of therapeutic strategies appropriate for the disorder, including groundbreaking retroviral therapies. In addition, the socioeconomic and political constraints that hinder treatment and disease management in developing parts of the world are presented. * A comprehensive understanding of HIV/AIDS and neuro-AIDS, and the progression of the scientific community’s understanding of the disease* Detailed information on fields such as neuroepidemiology, neuropathology, neuropharmacology, and neuroimaging and their contributions to HIV/AIDS research* Subject specific chapters on conditions associated with HIV/AIDS, including opportunistic infections, central nervous system tumors, and myopathies, amongst others
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.
This volume is the first in a planned series of thematic volumes for Advances in Virus Research. It covers the etiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, and clincial consequences of human neurotropic viruses. Buchmeier is a virologist, Campbell an immunologist, and both are extremely well known in their fields. Numerous illustrations including colour Knowledgeable discussion of the potential role of viral infections in teratogenic and developmental disorders Frank discussion of the role of stress in disease Behavioural consequences of chronic CNS infection
In this exciting symposium, the editor brings to print important new information on AIDS and how HIV affects the brain. Each chapter focuses on one or more of the cell types that reside in or traffic through the central nervous system (CNS). Each of these cells is important to considerations of the pathogenesis of the CNS. Neurologists, AIDS physicians, and other professionals caring for AIDS patients will find that this “cell-based” view provides a unique perspective and that it will guide and stimulate future investigation of this clinically important and pathogenetically intriguing disorder. The editor also introduces some general considerations for therapeutic intervention of AIDS dementia complex (ADC). The contributors to The Cellular Basis of Central Nervous System HIV-1 Infection and the AIDS Dementia Complex deal with the cells and mechanisms involved in HIV-1 brain infection and the resultant ADC. Each author was asked to review the involvement of their assigned cells in CNS HIV-1 infection and how these cells might be involved in the pathology and process of brain injury associated with ADC. Readers will be enlightened on the functional roles of various cells and how these cells and mechanisms might fit into the broader picture of ADC pathogenesis.
The first source on this expanding analytical science, this reference explores advances in the instrumentation, design, and application of techniques with electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL), examining the use and impact of ECL-based assays in clinical diagnostics, life science research, environmental testing, food and water evaluation, and th