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This important and comprehensive work of 18th-century Islamic religious thought written in Arabic by a pre-eminent South Asian scholar provides an extensive and detailed picture of Muslim theology and interpretive strategies on the eve of the modern period.
A great religious teacher of the 18th century, Shah Waliullah of Delhi distinguished himself as a major thinker from the age of 15. He helped to revive the Islamic consciousness by "channeling the streams of the Sufi spiritual heritage into traditional Islam" (Professor Aziz Ahmed, Toronto) and returned to the essentials of Sufi experience in order to show that, essentially, Sufism is one discipline. He showed, for instance, that the long-standing assumption that Sufi doctrine was divided between Apparentism and Unity of Being was a difference of expression alone, the latter doctrine (of Ibn Arabi) being seen as merely a less-advanced stage of projection. Many of the subjects dealt with by him in these two treatises are closely studied today. These include stages of being, the perceptive faculty, the relation of the abstract with the universe, the universal soul and the souls of man, after death, essence, miracles, the scope of man, the soul of the perfect, universal order, source of manifestation, and the transformation of mystics from quality to quality.
This work is concerned mainly with the metaphysical thought of Shah Wali Allah (1114-1176/1703-1762), the greatest Muslim scholar of eighteenth century India. From the intellectual point of view, eighteenth century has a similar importance for the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent as it has for the West. By that time, Shah Wali Allah set out to reformulate the religio-intellectual legacy of Islam in order to reorganize the Muslims on the basis of their religion. The most distinguished feature of this movement was that theological and metaphysical issues were interpreted rationally. Reason was used not as a weapon against religious truth but as instrument for supporting it.
This volume of Princeton Readings in Religions brings together the work of more than thirty scholars of Islam and Muslim societies in South Asia to create a rich anthology of primary texts that contributes to a new appreciation of the lived religious and cultural experiences of the world's largest population of Muslims. The thirty-four selections--translated from Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Bengali, Tamil, Gujarati, Hindavi, Dakhani, and other languages--highlight a wide variety of genres, many rarely found in standard accounts of Islamic practice, from oral narratives to elite guidance manuals, from devotional songs to secular judicial decisions arbitrating Islamic law, and from political posters to a discussion among college women affiliated with an "Islamist" organization. Drawn from premodern texts, modern pamphlets, government and organizational archives, new media, and contemporary fieldwork, the selections reflect the rich diversity of Islamic belief and practice in South Asia. Each reading is introduced with a brief contextual note from its scholar-translator, and Barbara Metcalf introduces the whole volume with a substantial historical overview.
Walī Allāh al-Dihlawī, 1702 or 3-1763, leader of Ahl-i Hadith movement in India.
Shah Waliullah, 1702 or 3-1763, leader of Ahl-i Hadith movement in India.
Islamic philosophy has often been treated as being largely of historical interest, belonging to the history of ideas rather than to philosophical study. This volume successfully overturns that view. Emphasizing the living nature and rich diversity of the subject, it examines the main thinkers and schools of thought, discusses the key concepts of Islamic philosophy and covers a vast geographical area. This indispensable reference tool includes a comprehensive bibliography and an extensive index.