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This book was written at the request of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, The Assistant Attorney General (Tax Division), and the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Tax Policy).The purpose of this book was to develop an overview of tax havens and the use of tax havens by United States taxpayers. The study sought to determine the frequency and nature of tax haven transactions, identify specific types of tax haven transactions, obtain a description of the United States and foreign legal and regulatory environment in which tax haven transactions are conducted, describe Internal Revenue Service and Justice Department efforts to deal with tax haven related transactions, and to identify interagency coordination problems.The findings are based on a review of judicial decisions and published literature in the field of international tax planning, research into internal IRS documents concerning taxpayer activities, interviews with IRS personnel, personnel who deal with tax haven issues for other Federal government agencies, and lawyers and certified public accountants who specialize in international taxation. The findings are also based on a statistical analysis of available data concerning international banking, United States direct investment abroad, and foreign investment in the United States. While the findings did not uncover all the methods employed to use tax havens, the belief is that the inquiry was extensive enough to give an understanding of the situation and to enable the IRS to develop options which might be useful in improving the administration of the tax laws as they apply to tax havens
Excerpt from Prentice-Hall Tax Service for 1919 This allowance is not based upon the difference between the actual war cost of such facilities and what they would have cost at pre-war prices. Obviously the taxpayer is not entitled to recover or extinguish through amortization more than the difference between the war cost of such property and what he can sell the property for after the war, or if he continues to need and use it in his business, what it would have cost him after the war. As the rule is expressed in Article 183 of the Regulations: The total amount to be extinguished by amortization, in general, is the excess of the unextinguished or unrecovered cost of the property over its maximum value (either for sale or for use as part of the plant or equipment of a going business) under stable post war. Conditions.' About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
A journalist, educator, and lawyer specializing in tax and government issues discusses the issues political leaders face when developing and implementing state tax policy, particularly basic state tax concepts, the political and theoretical issues involved, and the major policy issues facing state governments. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Beginning in the 1860s, the Russian Empire replaced a poll tax system that originated with Peter the Great with a modern system of income and excise taxes. Russia began a transformation of state fiscal power that was also underway across Western Europe and North America. States of Obligation is the first sustained study of the Russian taxation system, the first to study its European and transatlantic context, and the first to expose the essential continuities between the fiscal practices of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Using a wealth of materials from provincial and local archives across Russia, Yanni Kotsonis examines how taxation was simultaneously a revenue-raising and a state-building tool, a claim on the person and a way to produce a new kind of citizenship. During successive political, wartime, and revolutionary crises between 1855 and 1928, state fiscal power was used to forge social and financial unity and fairness and a direct relationship with individual Russians. State power eventually overwhelmed both the private sector economy and the fragile realm of personal privacy. States of Obligation is at once a study in Russian economic history and a reflection on the modern state and the modern citizen.
"The studies collected in Ancient Taxation explore the extractive systems of eleven ancient states and societies from across the ancient world, ranging from Bronze Age China to Anglo-Saxon Britain. Together, the contributors explore the challenges of taxation in predominantly agro-pastoral societies, including basic tax strategy (taxing goods vs. labor, in kind vs. money taxes, direct vs. indirect, internal vs. external, etc.), assessment and collection (particularly over wide geographic areas or at large scale, e.g., by tax farming), compliance, and negotiating the cooperation of social, economic, and political elites or other critical social groups. By assembling such a broad range of studies, the book sheds new light on the commonalities and differences between ancient taxation systems, highlighting how studying taxes can shed light on the fiscal and institutional practices of antiquity. It also provides new impetus for comparative research, both between ancient societies and between ancient and modern extractive practices. This book will be of interest to those studying ancient history, economic history, the history of taxation, or comparative politics and economics"--
NEW BROOMS BY ROBERT J. SHORES This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. NEW BROOMS BY ROBERT J. SHORES
This publication differs from most existing tax casebooks the following ways: The book includes complete chapters on business, international, and estate and gift taxation, three areas of substantial importance that are historically left out of the basic tax course. The book places a strong emphasis on planning and policy, not as an adjunct to the more common legal materials, but as part of an integrated pedagogic approach. Each case or group of cases is followed by three different sets of problems--Using the Sources, Law and Planning, and Politics and Policy--which are designed to develop the student's law, planning, and policy analysis skills on a systematic basis. Excerpts from leading law review articles are included in each chapter so that students can understand for themselves the basic issues in tax policy and legislation. The book emphasizes current concerns in tax law and policy, issues and problems that are likely to confront the next generation of tax practitioners and policy-makers. Thus, substantial space is devoted to the new breed of tax shelters; the tax treatment of gay and unmarried couples; and the relationship of taxes to health, retirement, and environmental policy, without sacrificing the "classic" cases that are the backbone of any tax book. The text consists of twelve chapters, each containing all of the types of problems described above and concluding with an in-depth, take-home problem that may be used either as the basis for in-class discussion or as a graded written assignment. The book is accompanied by a comprehensive Teacher's Manual (available only to professors) that contains detailed answers for every question posed in the text, together with suggestions for discussion and debate topics.
The introduction of self-assessment for income tax collection in the late 1990s marked a striking moment of cultural convergence between the UK and the US. This book analyses the socio-political factors leading to and resulting from this fundamental change in the relationship between taxpayers and the Inland Revenue, using perspectives in comparative law and the new outlooks of modern tax and cultural theory. It will be of interest to those studying theories of compliance, cultural legal studies, and law and society.
A tax revolt almost as momentous as the Boston Tea Party erupted in California in 1978. Its reverberations are still being felt, yet no one is quite sure what general lessons can be drawn from observing its course. this book is an in-depth study of this most recent and notable taxpayer's rebellion: Howard Jarvis and Proposition 13, the Gann measure of 1979, and Proposition (Jarvis II) of 1980.