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The first edition of this book-Taxation in Ghana: A Fiscal Policy Tool for Development- is the product of considerable tax research from 1943 to 2018, spanning a period of 75 years and grounded in knowledge and concepts; as well as, applications through an extended period of tax practice, teaching and learning; combined with international exposure. A lot of insights have been illuminated based on lessons learned and drawn from other countries, including the United States of America to enrich the contents. Against the backdrop of the dynamic nature of taxation and fiscal policy. Most of the existing taxation books in Ghana focused on tax practice. So, the purpose of this book is to bridge the taxation scholarship gap. In addition to traditionally-treated topics in most taxation books in Ghana, the novelty in this book is the inclusion of important topics on tax planning, tax reforms, and tax administration, and many more. As a result, specific recommendations have been proffered for the consideration of policy makers in developing countries. References and Acts of Parliament; supported by appendices have been provided for further studies on the subject. A true story of the first major oil discovery in Ghana by Mr. George Yaw Owusu with M. Rutledge McCall published 2017 in the United States of America: In Pursuit of JUBILEE was used to enrich the discussion on petroleum (Oil and Gas) in Chapter 48 of this textbook. Additionally, Apostle Professor Opoku Onyinah of the Church of Pentecost has been presented for his phenomenal transformational leadership in Africa in Chapter 66. The book has been designed for: (1) Individual study, (2) Group study, (3) Lecture material, (4) Policy Manual, and (5) library or reference.
The first edition of this book-Taxation in Ghana: A Fiscal Policy Tool for Development- is the product of considerable tax research from 1943 to 2018, spanning a period of 75 years and grounded in knowledge and concepts; as well as, applications through an extended period of tax practice, teaching and learning; combined with international exposure. A lot of insights have been illuminated based on lessons learned and drawn from other countries, including the United States of America to enrich the contents. Against the backdrop of the dynamic nature of taxation and fiscal policy. Most of the existing taxation books in Ghana focused on tax practice. So, the purpose of this book is to bridge the taxation scholarship gap. In addition to traditionally-treated topics in most taxation books in Ghana, the novelty in this book is the inclusion of important topics on tax planning, tax reforms, and tax administration, and many more. As a result, specific recommendations have been proffered for the consideration of policy makers in developing countries. References and Acts of Parliament; supported by appendices have been provided for further studies on the subject. A true story of the first major oil discovery in Ghana by Mr. George Yaw Owusu with M. Rutledge McCall published 2017 in the United States of America: In Pursuit of JUBILEE was used to enrich the discussion on petroleum (Oil and Gas) in Chapter 48 of this textbook. Additionally, Apostle Professor Opoku Onyinah of the Church of Pentecost has been presented for his phenomenal transformational leadership in Africa in Chapter 66. The book has been designed for: (1) Individual study, (2) Group study, (3) Lecture material, (4) Policy Manual, and (5) library or reference.
This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.
To finance basic pro-poor services, the Government of Ghana must mobilize more public revenue. But tax reform has been highly controversial in Ghana. An attempt to introduce VAT in 1995 failed after widespread protests. Although a second attempt to introduce VAT in 1998 succeeded, strong resistance to tax reform remains, and the total tax base remains narrow and over-dependent on petroleum taxes. This paper argues that slow progress in public expenditure reform, in particular in raising spending on basic services, has impeded the public's willingness to pay taxes, since many people see little benefit. This is especially the case in the poorer regions, which in addition have borne the brunt of the rising petroleum tax. The paper concludes that much more attention must be given to the political economy of fiscal policy in Ghana, if lasting improvements to the fiscal system are to be achieved.
This report provides actionable advice on how to design and implement fiscal policies for both development and climate action. Building on more than two decades of research in development and environmental economics, it argues that well-designed environmental tax reforms are especially valuable in developing countries, where they can reduce emissions, increase domestic revenues, and generate positive welfare effects such as cleaner water, safer roads, and improvements in human health. Moreover, these reforms need not harm competitiveness. New empirical evidence from Indonesia and Mexico suggests that under certain conditions, raising fuel prices can actually increase firm productivity. Finally, the report discusses the role of fiscal policy in strengthening resilience to climate change. It provides evidence that preventive public investments and measures to build fiscal buffers can help safeguard stability and growth in the face of rising climate risks. In this way, environmental tax reforms and climate risk-management strategies can lay the much-needed fiscal foundation for development and climate action.
This annual publication provides details of taxes paid on wages in OECD countries. It covers personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by employees, social security contributions and payroll taxes paid by employers, and cash benefits received by workers. Taxing Wages 2021 includes a special feature entitled: “Impact of COVID-19 on the Tax Wedge in OECD Countries”.
The problem of whether or not fiscal policy stimulates growth has subjugated hypothetical and pragmatic inquiry for a long period of time. One standpoint believes that government participation in economic activity is fundamental for economic growth; contrary to this view another holds that government operations are intrinsically technical and unproductive and therefore, stifles rather than promotes growth. The aim of this study is to examine the link between fiscal policy and economic growth in Ghana. The study provides an important contribution to the current literature by shedding new light and advance the discourse between fiscal policy and economic growth. The application of a dynamic approach to the Keynesian framework was used for the analysis of the study in order for a reduction of a possibility of estimating spurious results, whilst at the same time capturing both the short and long run information. The study shows that economic growth drives indirect taxes, exports and domestic borrowing, whilst private investment drives economic growth. The result also shows that indirect taxes cause government expenditure, but growth in government expenditure drives both domestic borrowing and borrowing from abroad, whilst domestic borrowing also drives growth in investment.
Around the world, there are concerns that many tax codes are biased against women, and that contemporary tax reforms tend to increase the incidence of taxation on the poorest women while failing to generate enough revenue to fund the programs needed to improve these women's lives. Because taxes are the key source of revenue governments themselves raise, understanding the nature and composition of taxation and current tax reform efforts is key to reducing poverty, providing sufficient revenue for public expenditure, and achieving social justice. This is the first book to systematically examine gender and taxation within and across countries at different levels of development. It presents original research on the gender dimensions of personal income taxes, and value-added, excise, and fuel taxes in Argentina, Ghana, India, Mexico, Morocco, South Africa, Uganda and the United Kingdom. This book will be of interest to postgraduates and researchers studying Public Finance, International Economics, Development Studies, Gender Studies, and International Relations, among other disciplines.