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Simple unweighted cost-effectiveness analysis remains relevant and correct when one introduces costly redistribution and revenue generation.
This paper recommends a system of upstream taxes on fossil fuels, combined with refunds for downstream emissions capture, to reduce carbon and local pollution emissions. Motor fuel taxes should also account for congestion and other externalities associated with vehicle use, at least until mileage-based taxes are widely introduced. An examination of existing energy/environmental tax systems in Germany, Sweden, Turkey, and Vietnam suggests that there is substantial scope for policy reform. This includes harmonizing taxes for pollution content across different fuels and end-users, better aligning tax rates with values for externalities, and scaling back taxes on vehicle ownership and electricity use that are redundant (on environmental grounds) in the presence of more targeted taxes.
This book brings together the work of scholars from England, France, Germany, Sweden, and the United States to examine the ways in which industrialized nations have used and are developing tax laws to help alleviate environmental problems. For each country, the contributors offer a thorough review of existing and proposed initiatives and an in-depth evaluation of their effectiveness. They also discuss the theoretical framework behind environmental tax initiatives, explain alternative systems to taxation, reveal problems in dealing with environmental concerns that are common to all of the countries studied, and suggest ways to more efficiently coordinate tax and environmental policies. Based on their research, the contributors conclude that the general tax systems of the United States and other countries unintentionally conflict with environmental policies and that no country has yet been able to adequately control automobile pollution, although some have had varying degrees of success in other areas. The volume begins with an introduction that presents a nontechnical discussion of the current economic thinking on environmental taxes and alternatives such as direct government regulation and granting polluters limited or tradable rights to pollute. The following chapters discuss each country in turn. Each chapter first examines the institutional framework of the country--central versus regional government, how legislation is enacted and executed, the distribution of authority over environmental matters, and important environmental policy goals. Next, the compatability of the tax system with environmental goals is analyzed. Finally, there is a thorough treatment of that country's environmental tax initiatives, including an in-depth assessment of their relative success or failure. Policymakers, lobbyists, economists, and attorneys will find Taxation for Environmental Protection enlightening reading.
Since the 1980's, market-based instruments for environmental policy have become increasingly important. Focusing on environmental taxation in practice, this volume collects key contributions on a wide range of topics, including comparisons of environmental taxation schemes in different countries, political economy issues and key aspects of concrete implementation. It presents a wealth of ex-ante and ex-post analyses, intended as a source of guidance for policy implementation and research. The volume features a full-length introduction locating the literature on environmental taxation in practice in a wider context of theoretical and applied issues.
Andersen (environmental policy research, University of Aarhus, Denmark) examines how green taxes have worked in practice, and tests the effectiveness of economic instruments. He compares the water policies of Denmark, France, Germany, and the Netherlands and demonstrates how green taxes have made pollution prevention pay and promoted the ecological modernization of industry. He discusses the shortcomings of partial equilibrium theory. Distributed in the US by St. Martin's Press. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
'In looking at the effects of ecological tax reform on allocation, this book addresses a very important issue. The results are interesting and have significant policy implications.' - Glenn Feltham, Canadian Tax Journal 'The book contains an excellent analysis of how environment taxation affects large countries that are highly integrated in world capital markets.' - Lans Bovenberg, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, The Netherlands The twin benefits of improving environmental quality and reducing tax distortions through the recycling of environmental tax proceeds prove an attractive policy objective. This book analyses the use of the double dividend concepts for evaluating ecological tax reforms. The author aims to analyse unilateral environmental policy measures thoroughly and to assess under which conditions a double dividend can be achieved. The analysis is undertaken in the context of international capital mobility and cross-border externalities. He also includes a discussion of an empirically relevant example for an ecological tax reform scenario in Germany - the DIW proposal.
This book highlights the opportunity to save taxes and the environment. It provides a thorough overview of both environmental taxes and tax incentives related to environmentally friendly investments and activities. It starts with a general introduction into the principles of environmental taxation and then, by looking at a set of 13 countries, the book provides an analysis of tax measures in the field of direct and indirect taxation with regard to the environment. It concludes with a comparative overview of the tax measures in the countries discussed.