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New Zealand's deceptively simple but effective program to improve public services New Zealand has long been considered at the forefront of public administration, experimenting with new ways of organizing and delivering public services. Even so, successive New Zealand governments had mixed results from using traditional public management tools to lift the performance of the public service and address persistent problems that required multi-agency action. In 2012 the government decided to try something different. As part of a reform package called Better Public Services, the government challenged the public service to organize itself around achieving just ten results that had proven resistant to previous interventions. The plan was deceptively simple: set ambitious targets and publicly report on progress every six months; hold small groups of public managers collectively responsible; use lead indicators; and learn from both success and failure. This book explores how and why the New Zealand government made progress and how the program was able to create and sustain the commitment of public servants and unleash the creativity of public entrepreneurs. The authors combine case studies based on the experience of people involved in the change, together with public management research. They explain how ambitious targets and public accountability were used as levers to overcome the bureaucratic barriers that impeded public service delivery, and how data, evidence, and innovation were used to change practice. New Zealand experimented, failed, succeeded, and learned from the experience over five years. This New Zealand experience demonstrates that interagency performance targets are a potentially powerful tool for fostering better public services and thus improving social outcomes.
Accidental harm to civilians in warfare often becomes an occasion for public outrage, from citizens of both the victimized and the victimizing nation. In this vitally important book on a topic of acute concern for anyone interested in military strategy, international security, or human rights, Alexander B. Downes reminds readers that democratic and authoritarian governments alike will sometimes deliberately kill large numbers of civilians as a matter of military strategy. What leads governments to make such a choice? Downes examines several historical cases: British counterinsurgency tactics during the Boer War, the starvation blockade used by the Allies against Germany in World War I, Axis and Allied bombing campaigns in World War II, and ethnic cleansing in the Palestine War. He concludes that governments decide to target civilian populations for two main reasons—desperation to reduce their own military casualties or avert defeat, or a desire to seize and annex enemy territory. When a state's military fortunes take a turn for the worse, he finds, civilians are more likely to be declared legitimate targets to coerce the enemy state to give up. When territorial conquest and annexation are the aims of warfare, the population of the disputed land is viewed as a threat and the aggressor state may target those civilians to remove them. Democracies historically have proven especially likely to target civilians in desperate circumstances. In Targeting Civilians in War, Downes explores several major recent conflicts, including the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Civilian casualties occurred in each campaign, but they were not the aim of military action. In these cases, Downes maintains, the achievement of quick and decisive victories against overmatched foes allowed democracies to win without abandoning their normative beliefs by intentionally targeting civilians. Whether such "restraint" can be guaranteed in future conflicts against more powerful adversaries is, however, uncertain. During times of war, democratic societies suffer tension between norms of humane conduct and pressures to win at the lowest possible costs. The painful lesson of Targeting Civilians in War is that when these two concerns clash, the latter usually prevails.
Targeted Drug Delivery Novel approaches in targeted drug delivery for both small molecule and biopharmaceutical drugs Targeted Drug Delivery explores a new frontier in drug research that has become a focus for developing novel medications. The work discusses a wide range of approaches for targeting small molecules as well as peptide and macromolecular drugs, from prodrugs to drug conjugates to drug carriers and devices, helping readers to stay up to date on the latest developments in the field. The following key topics are addressed: Antibody conjugates, prodrugs, and suicide gene therapeutics Protac technology for selectively degrading target proteins Delivery of nucleic acid drugs Novel drug carriers, such as liposomes, vesicles, and nanoparticles Unmet medical needs for which there is a large market potential, such as viral infections and cancer For chemists, pharmacologists, and professionals in the wider pharmaceutical industry, Targeted Drug Delivery is a comprehensive guide on how to solve the greatest challenge in treating many diseases: delivering a pharmaceutically active substance to the target tissue in the body.
Over the past fifteen years, a significant number of industrialized and middle-income countries have adopted inflation targeting as a framework for monetary policymaking. As the name suggests, in such inflation-targeting regimes, the central bank is responsible for achieving a publicly announced target for the inflation rate. While the objective of controlling inflation enjoys wide support among both academic experts and policymakers, and while the countries that have followed this model have generally experienced good macroeconomic outcomes, many important questions about inflation targeting remain. In Inflation Targeting, a distinguished group of contributors explores the many underexamined dimensions of inflation targeting—its potential, its successes, and its limitations—from both a theoretical and an empirical standpoint, and for both developed and emerging economies. The volume opens with a discussion of the optimal formulation of inflation-targeting policy and continues with a debate about the desirability of such a model for the United States. The concluding chapters discuss the special problems of inflation targeting in emerging markets, including the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary.
This is a practical how-to guide to what marketers need to know about defining, segmenting and targeting business markets: assessing customer needs; gauging the competition; designing winning strategies; and maximising corporate resources.
From the author of Let's Get Digital and Amazon Decoded, this book will change how you think about marketing. Strangers to Superfans puts you in the shoes of your Ideal Readers, and forces you to view your marketing from their perspective. *Learn the five stages in the Reader Journey. *Identify where your blockages are and how to fix them. *Optimize each stage to increase conversion. *Boost sales by making the process more frictionless. *Build an army of passionate readers who do the selling for you. It's not enough to know who your Ideal Readers are, you also need to imagine how they feel when a recommendation email arrives containing your cover. You must figure out why they hesitated before clicking the Buy button. And it's crucial to determine why they liked your book enough to finish it... but not sufficiently to recommend it to their friends. The Reader Journey is a new marketing paradigm that maps out the journey your Ideal Readers take in their transformation from strangers to superfans.
Nanotechnology-Based Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Brain Tumors addresses brain anatomy and tumors and the progress and challenges in delivering drugs across the blood brain barrier. Several chapters are devoted to the latest technologies and advances in nanotechnology, along with practical solutions on how to design more effective nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery. This valuable resource prepares readers to develop novel drug delivery systems for the treatment of brain tumors that further promote the latest nanomedical technologies. Addresses the progress and challenges inherent in delivering drugs across the blood brain barrier and offers strategies to maximize effectiveness Draws upon the experience and expertise of international scientists working in the fields of drug delivery and nanomedicine Considers the future possibilities of nanotechnology for delivering nanocarriers that better diagnose and treat brain tumors
This is the first time detailed and updated information on the targeted delivery of imaging agents has been collected into a single handbook. This comprehensive volume presents the scientific background together with the latest experimental and clinical data in this fast-growing area. The Handbook of Targeted Delivery of Imaging Agents meets the requirements of the broadest audience including researchers, practitioners, and students. The basic principles of targeted delivery of imaging are presented and discussed together with various imaging agents and different imaging modalities such as gamma-imaging, MR-imaging, and CT, PET, and SPECT imaging. The book consists of eight parts and 39 chapters covering all aspects of targeted drug delivery-from the imaging theory and chemistry of imaging agents to their experimental and clinical use for targeted visualization of cancer, including ovarian, prostate, colorectal, and thyroid cancer, cardiovascular (atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and thromboses) and neurological diseases, infection, and inflammation sites. A special section discusses the targeted delivery of imaging agents into lymph nodes, which are often sites of metasteses during different malignant diseases. Monoclonal antibody-based targeted imaging agents are considered together with new approaches involving the use of labeled micelles, liposomes, and polymer-coated particles. The book describes the possible application of designer antibodies for the delivery of diagnostic agents, including the preparation, properties, labeling, and experimental use of multifunctional antibodies. The alternative improvement of antibody-directed targeting describes the application of avidin-biotin system for the delivery of imaging agents. Long circulating blood pool imaging agents are considered as a special group of organ-specific pharmaceuticals. The latest trends in the synthesis of immunoscintigraphic, MR, and CT agents are presented. This Handbook of Targeted Delivery of Imaging Agents is a must-have reference for all those who need to stay abreast of the latest developments in this hot field.
Targeted Molecular Imaging covers the development of novel diagnostic approaches that use an imaging probe and agent to noninvasively visualize cellular processes in normal and disease states. It discusses the concept, development, preclinical studies, and, in many cases, translation to the clinic of targeted imaging agents. The many case studies t
Cutaneous inflammation, particularly for chronic inflammatory diseases such as eczema and psoriasis are traditionally treated with corticosteroids to control ongoing inflammation. However, prolonged usage of steroids can lead to various side-effects such as thinning of skin, stretch marks or easy bruising. Prolonged suppression of the immune system may also result in secondary infections, driving more inflammation. Next-generation targeted immunological therapies can thus provide an alternative way for us to treat cutaneous inflammation in a more precise manner; these therapies are often wide-ranging in nature, encompassing biologics, small-molecule inhibitors or RNA therapeutics. Through this research topic, we hope to highlight recent developments in understanding dysregulations in the cutaneous immune system with a special focus on dermatitis, and how this knowledge informs development of next-generation targeted therapies. We are especially interested in methods and models for assessing therapeutic efficacy; drug delivery and formulation methods circumventing the epithelial barrier and maintaining molecule stability. Concurrently, we hope to highlight outstanding gaps in the field currently that may require further therapeutic development.