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Drug delivery to the lungs is difficult to achieve and conventional approaches like intravenous and oral administration of drugs do not effectively deliver drugs to the lungs. The inhalation route of administration provides a way to deliver the drugs locally, thereby increasing their efficacy. However, there are several problems associated with inhalation delivery like rapid clearance from the lung, uptake by non-relevant cell types within the lung, leading to side effects, and difficulty of formulation. Apart from these routes and their difficulties, optimization of drug delivery is required for different type of drugs like proteins, siRNAs, and small molecules. Hence, efficient drug delivery to the lung is an unmet need for the treatment of lung diseases. The objective of this research was to design and implement novel targeted drug delivery strategies to deliver proteins, siRNAs, and small molecules (pirfenidone) for the treatment of lung diseases. We evaluated efficacy of a fusion protein of tumstatin in vitro in proliferation, invasion, and tube formation assays, and in vivo in a xenograft model of lung cancer upon intravenous administration and comparedit with its parent molecule tumstatin. We found that transferrin-tumstatin was superior to tumstatin in all the assays. siRNA delivery to the lung is challenging, and to achieve effective delivery of siRNA to the lungs, we prepared novel targeted nanoparticles encapsulating CXCL1 siRNA. CXCL1 siRNA was used as a model siRNA to treat acute lung injury in mice which reflects human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We evaluated the biodistribution and efficacy of these nanoparticles in a bleomycin induced ARDS mouse model. We found that functionalized nanoparticles were superior in targeting the lungs as well as more efficacious in treating ARDS when compared to non-functionalized nanoparticles and naked siRNA. For small molecule delivery, we developed an inhalation route of administration. For inhaled drugs, it is essential to target them to relevant cells. First, we determined the optimum size of nanoparticles to target various cells within the lung and then used optimally sized nanoparticles to treat a mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using pirfenidone as a model small molecule. We found that 200 nm nanoparticles were superior at targeting epithelial cells compared to 20 nm and 2000 nm nanoparticles. Nanoparticles sized approximately 200 nm loaded with pirfenidone were more effective in retaining the drug within the lung up to 1 week compared to pirfenidone solution and they were more efficacious in treating pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model compared to pirfenidone solution.
This book describes the growing clinical and healthcare relevance of nano-therapeutics in treating respiratory diseases. It begins with a brief introduction on the different types of nanoparticles in respiratory disease conditions. It further discusses the current trends in understanding the disease pathology using different in vitro and in vivo models, which are important towards the onsite clinical applications and development of new therapeutics. The book includes exciting topics such as formulation of these nanoparticles, targeting various organelles etc. It also describes the future prospects and challenges in the field. Different chapters are written by researchers actively working in the area of pulmonary diseases. This book is designed to address the requirements of both beginners and specialized scientists involved in pulmonary research. The contents include basic concepts followed by advanced state-of-art monitoring and treatment of diseases. The book is meant for researchers and industry experts in nanotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences and drug design.
Nanotechnology-based Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Lung Cancer is an indispensable resource that will help pharmaceutical scientists and clinical researchers design and develop novel drug delivery systems and devices for the treatment of lung cancer. As recent breakthroughs in nanomedicine are now making it possible to deliver drugs, genes and therapeutic agents to localized areas of disease to maximize clinical benefit, while also limiting unwanted side effects, this book explores promising approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer using cutting-edge nanomedical technologies. Topics discussed include polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, micelles and nanoemulsions. Provides an overview of an array of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems Examines the design, synthesis and application of different nanocarriers in drug and gene delivery Provides an in-depth understanding of the design of targeted nanotherapeutics and technologies and its implication in various site-specific cancers
Handbook of Lung Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Trends and Clinical Evidences covers every aspect of the drug delivery to lungs, the physiology and pharmacology of the lung, modelling for lung delivery, drug devices focused on lung treatment, regulatory requirements, and recent trends in clinical applications. With the advent of nano sciences and significant development in the nano particulate drug delivery systems there has been a renewed interest in the lung as an absorption surface for various drugs. The emergence of the COVID-19 virus has brought lung and lung delivery systems into focus, this book covers new developments and research used to address the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases. Written by well-known scientists with years of experience in the field this timely handbook is an excellent reference book for the scientists and industry professionals. Key Features: Focuses particularly on the chemistry, clinical pharmacology, and biological developments in this field of research. Presents comprehensive information on emerging nanotechnology applications in diagnosing and treating pulmonary diseases Explores drug devices focused on lung treatment, regulatory requirements, and recent trends in clinical applications Examines specific formulations targeted to pulmonary systems
Targeting Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases Using Advanced Drug Delivery Systems explores the development of novel therapeutics and diagnostics to improve pulmonary disease management, looking down to the nanoscale level for an efficient system of targeting and managing respiratory disease. The book examines numerous nanoparticle-based drug systems such as nanocrystals, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, protein-based, carbon nanotube, and liposomes that can offer advantages over traditional drug delivery systems. Starting with a brief introduction on different types of nanoparticles in respiratory disease conditions, the book then focuses on current trends in disease pathology that use different in vitro and in vivo models. The comprehensive resource is designed for those new to the field and to specialized scientists and researchers involved in pulmonary research and drug development. Explores recent perspectives and challenges regarding the management and diagnosis of chronic respiratory diseases Provides insights into how advanced drug delivery systems can be effectively formulated and delivered for the management of various pulmonary diseases Includes the most recent information on diagnostic methods and treatment strategies using controlled drug delivery systems (including nanotechnology)
This book explores engineered nanomaterials (ENM) pulmonary effects and familiarizes readers with unique aspects of nanomaterial application and research. Focusing on the diagnostic and therapeutic utilities of nanomaterials in different lung diseases, it discusses the novel applications of nanotechnology for the treatment of airway diseases such as asthma, allergy, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer. In an attempt to synchronize the efforts of pulmonary biologists, chemists, and clinicians in developing novel nano-based tools for airway diseases, the book also discusses the strategies to overcome the pathophysiological and technical barriers.
This brief provides an insight into the present scenario of the role of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer at an early stage. Currently, lung cancer is the subject of major concern owing to the very high mortality rate throughout the world. Most of the conventional treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc., fail to prolong life of the patients. Incidents of recurrence are also very common in case of lung cancer. Researchers have shown that nanoparticles may act as a powerful anti cancer tool, especially for lung cancer. Unique surface properties and easy surface functionalization of nanoparticles enable early detection, diagnosis, imaging and treatment of lung cancer. The authors have elaborately presented how various nanoparticles (natural, semi synthetic and synthetic) may help in the treatment of lung cancer. They have also detailed works of various scientists who succeeded in developing effective nanoparticles and enabled very specific lung cancer therapy without any undesirable side effects and minimized death.
Nanoparticles have a physical dimension comparable to the size of molecular structures on the cell surface. Therefore, nanoparticles, compared to larger (e.g., micrometer) particles, are considered to behave differently when they interact with cells. Nanoparticles in the Lung: Environmental Exposure and Drug Delivery provides a better understanding
This new volume, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease: From Concept to Application, looks at the application of nanomedicines with a particular focus on their use in the treatment of diseases. The chapters in this volume, contributed by eminent scientists, researchers, and nanotechnologists from across the globe, highlight key advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the area of application of nanomedicines for disease treatment. They explore the design and development of therapeutic nanocarriers for targeting drugs for satiating the demands of disease treatment process. The volume explores the use nanomedicines for the diagnosis and treatment of a multitude various diseases and health conditions, including respiratory diseases, neurological disorders, genetic diseases, pulmonary fungal infections, neuroAIDS, cardiovascular disorders, gastric and colonic diseases, skin disorders, cancer, brain tumors, leishmaniasis and other visceral diseases, hypertension, and ocular diseases.
Nano Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Cancers discusses several current and promising approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer by using the most recent developments in nanomedical technologies. The book presents introductory information about the biology of different types of cancer in order to provide the reader with knowledge on their specificities. In addition, it discusses various novel drug delivery systems, detailing their functionalities, expected outcomes and future developments in the field, focusing on brain, mouth and throat, breast, lung, liver, pancreas, stomach, colon, bool, skin and prostate cancers. The book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists, pharmacologists and nanotechnologists who are interested in novel drug delivery systems and devices for treatment of various types of cancer that take advantage of recent advances in this exciting field. Discusses a wide range of promising approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer using the latest advancement in cutting-edge nanomedical technologies Provides foundational information on different types of cancer and their biology to help the reader choose the best nano drug delivery system for patients Presents novel drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles, microparticles, liposomes, self-assembling Micelles and block copolymer micelles