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This is a report of an experiment in interdisciplinary education for environmental planning carried out at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. It represents an attempt to use a studio course as a vehicle for synthesizing the analytical data and approaches of four different disciplines: Landscape Architecture, Engineering, City and Regional Planning, and Urban Design. Aims of the study were to develop a better method of exploration and of interdisciplinary teaching which would lead to great understanding of urbanization complexities, and to develop techniques that could be used in actual planning and design processes. Students and professors began with a very loose program, making no attempt to cover the complete range of problems inherent in urban growth; in fact, the significance of their work lay in the exercise itself. The experimental approach used in the project required tolerance for ambiguity and the ability to innovate when old solutions failed. The area chosen for study was the southwest sector of the Boston region, for which basic data were collected in an earlier course. This facilitated the building and operation of allocation and evaluation models. Following introductory remarks on interdisciplinary education, a description of the course, and a section explaining systems analysis, the book presents the nine models developed during the course and concludes with two simulations of metropolitan growth in the study area. Participants considered and rejected various models in favor of a simulation technique. This process allowed them to link all nine models together in the coherent system that appears in the book. The report also includes edited tape recordings made at a public review of the class effort, and appendixes describing the (UTM) grid used as the basic spatial unit for data collection and analysis, and the computer program (GRID) used to organize data and analyses for graphic display.
In September 1980, the Special Programme Panel on Systems Sciences of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) sponsored an Advanced Research Institute (ARI) on "Systems Analysis in Urban Policy-Making and Planning" which was held at New College, Univer sity of Oxford, from 21st to 27th September. This week-long meeting brought together 35 invited delegates from most countries of the NATO Alliance to discuss the impact which syst~ms analysis has had and is likely to have on urban affairs. The manuscript was submitted to the publisher in June of 1982. Although the goal of the ARI was to assess the impact of urban systems analysis as seen through the eyes of those closely involved in such work, the meeting also addressed opportunities for future research and development, and therefore in this book we have attempted to synthesize discussions at the meeting with this in mind. But before we describe the structure of this book, it is worth recounting in a little more detail the intentions and organi zation of the meeting, for this has had an important effect on the type of papers produced here, the way they have been written, and the issues they address.
A wide range of books on urban systems models are available today for the student of urban planning, geography, and economics. There are few, if any, books, however, that deal with integrated urban systems modeling from the operational viewpoint. The term "integrated" is used here in the same sense as the "general equilibrium", in contrast to such approaches as "sequential" or "partial equilibrium". In fact, the main thesis of this book is that the characteristics of ur ban activity that best distinguish it from rural activity are (1) the intensive use of urban land and (2) urban congestion. On this basis, models that are introduced in this book are three- dimensional in character and produce urban land use configurations with explicit optimal density of urban pro duction activities along with optimal levels of transportation congestion. It is also assumed that both public and private sectors play significant roles in shaping urban forms, structures, and functions in mixed economic systems. From this viewpoint, models developed in this book address two integrated decision-making procedures: one by the public sector, which provides urban infrastructure and public services, and the other one by the private sector, which uses provided infrastructure and public services in pursuing parochial interests.
Urban development and migration from rural to urban areas are impacting prime agricultural land and natural landscapes, particularly in the less developed countries. These phenomena will persist and require serious study by those monitoring global environmental change. To address this need, various models have been devised to analyze urbanization a
This book provides a comprehensive discussion on urban growth and sprawl, and how they can be analyzed using remote sensing imageries. It compiles views of numerous researchers that help in understanding the urban growth and sprawl; their patterns, process, causes, consequences, and countermeasures; how remote sensing data and geographic information system techniques can be used in mapping, monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and simulating the urban growth and sprawl and what are the merits and demerits of available methods and models. This book will be of value for the scientists and researchers engaged in urban geographic research, especially using remote sensing imageries. This book will serve as a rigours literature review for them. Post graduate students of urban geography or urban/regional planning may refer this book as additional studies. This book may help the academicians for preparing lecture notes and delivering lectures. Industry professionals may also be benefited from the discussed methods and models along with numerous citations.