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In Euclidean geometry, constructions are made with ruler and compass. Projective geometry is simpler: its constructions require only a ruler. In projective geometry one never measures anything, instead, one relates one set of points to another by a projectivity. The first two chapters of this book introduce the important concepts of the subject and provide the logical foundations. The third and fourth chapters introduce the famous theorems of Desargues and Pappus. Chapters 5 and 6 make use of projectivities on a line and plane, respectively. The next three chapters develop a self-contained account of von Staudt's approach to the theory of conics. The modern approach used in that development is exploited in Chapter 10, which deals with the simplest finite geometry that is rich enough to illustrate all the theorems nontrivially. The concluding chapters show the connections among projective, Euclidean, and analytic geometry.
Projective geometry is not only a jewel of mathematics, but has also many applications in modern information and communication science. This book presents the foundations of classical projective and affine geometry as well as its important applications in coding theory and cryptography. It also could serve as a first acquaintance with diagram geometry. Written in clear and contemporary language with an entertaining style and around 200 exercises, examples and hints, this book is ideally suited to be used as a textbook for study in the classroom or on its own.
Projective geometry is one of the most fundamental and at the same time most beautiful branches of geometry. It can be considered the common foundation of many other geometric disciplines like Euclidean geometry, hyperbolic and elliptic geometry or even relativistic space-time geometry. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to this fascinating field and its applications. In particular, it explains how metric concepts may be best understood in projective terms. One of the major themes that appears throughout this book is the beauty of the interplay between geometry, algebra and combinatorics. This book can especially be used as a guide that explains how geometric objects and operations may be most elegantly expressed in algebraic terms, making it a valuable resource for mathematicians, as well as for computer scientists and physicists. The book is based on the author’s experience in implementing geometric software and includes hundreds of high-quality illustrations.
This lucid introductory text offers both an analytic and an axiomatic approach to plane projective geometry. The analytic treatment builds and expands upon students' familiarity with elementary plane analytic geometry and provides a well-motivated approach to projective geometry. Subsequent chapters explore Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry as specializations of the projective plane, revealing the existence of an infinite number of geometries, each Euclidean in nature but characterized by a different set of distance- and angle-measurement formulas. Outstanding pedagogical features include worked-through examples, introductions and summaries for each topic, and numerous theorems, proofs, and exercises that reinforce each chapter's precepts. Two helpful indexes conclude the text, along with answers to all odd-numbered exercises. In addition to its value to undergraduate students of mathematics, computer science, and secondary mathematics education, this volume provides an excellent reference for computer science professionals.
This book is unique in that it looks at geometry from 4 different viewpoints - Euclid-style axioms, linear algebra, projective geometry, and groups and their invariants Approach makes the subject accessible to readers of all mathematical tastes, from the visual to the algebraic Abundantly supplemented with figures and exercises
An important new perspective on AFFINE AND PROJECTIVEGEOMETRY This innovative book treats math majors and math education studentsto a fresh look at affine and projective geometry from algebraic,synthetic, and lattice theoretic points of view. Affine and Projective Geometry comes complete with ninetyillustrations, and numerous examples and exercises, coveringmaterial for two semesters of upper-level undergraduatemathematics. The first part of the book deals with the correlationbetween synthetic geometry and linear algebra. In the second part,geometry is used to introduce lattice theory, and the bookculminates with the fundamental theorem of projectivegeometry. While emphasizing affine geometry and its basis in Euclideanconcepts, the book: * Builds an appreciation of the geometric nature of linear algebra * Expands students' understanding of abstract algebra with itsnontraditional, geometry-driven approach * Demonstrates how one branch of mathematics can be used to provetheorems in another * Provides opportunities for further investigation of mathematicsby various means, including historical references at the ends ofchapters Throughout, the text explores geometry's correlation to algebra inways that are meant to foster inquiry and develop mathematicalinsights whether or not one has a background in algebra. Theinsight offered is particularly important for prospective secondaryteachers who must major in the subject they teach to fulfill thelicensing requirements of many states. Affine and ProjectiveGeometry's broad scope and its communicative tone make it an idealchoice for all students and professionals who would like to furthertheir understanding of things mathematical.
This undergraduate text develops the geometry of plane and space, leading up to conics and quadrics, within the context of metrical, affine, and projective transformations. 1953 edition.
Whicher explores the concepts of polarity and movement in modern projective geometry as a discipline of thought that transcends the limited and rigid space and forms of Euclid, and the corresponding material forces conceived in classical mechanics. Rudolf Steiner underlined the importance of projective geometry as, "a method of training the imaginative faculties of thinking, so that they become an instrument of cognition no less conscious and exact than mathematical reasoning." This seminal approach allows for precise scientific understanding of the concept of creative fields of formative (etheric) forces at work in nature--in plants, animals and in the human being. Olive Whicher's groundbreaking book presents an accessible--non-mathematician's--approach to projective geometry. Profusely illustrated, and written with fire and intuitive genius, this work will be of interest to anyone wishing to cultivate the power of inner visualization in a realm of structural beauty.