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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 411: Microsurfacing explores highway microsurfacing project selection, design, contracting, equipment, construction, and performance measurement processes used by transportation agencies in the United States and Canada. Microsurfacing is a polymer-modified cold-mix surface treatment that has the potential to address a broad range of problems on today's highways --
As part of the overall research program of evaluating asphalt emulsion slurry seal as a pavement maintenance material, 31 duplicate 500-ft test sections were constructed on U.S. 6 between Adel and Waukee in Dallas County during September and October of 1978. These test sections included combinations of eight aggregates, two gradings, three asphalt emulsions, two mineral fillers, and a range of emulsion contents determined by laboratory mix designs. The emulsion contents of the test sections varied from 10.3% for Section 7A (Ferguson coarse) to 32.9% for Section 31A (lightweight aggregate). The post-construction performance evaluation of the test sections, consisting primarily of the friction tests and surface appearance observations, was conducted at different time intervals up to 24 months after construction. At the 24-month final evaluation, most of the test sections had carried a total of 1.4 million vehicles.
The second edition of Comprehensive Organic Synthesis—winner of the 2015 PROSE Award for Multivolume Reference/Science from the Association of American Publishers—builds upon the highly respected first edition in drawing together the new common themes that underlie the many disparate areas of organic chemistry. These themes support effective and efficient synthetic strategies, thus providing a comprehensive overview of this important discipline. Fully revised and updated, this new set forms an essential reference work for all those seeking information on the solution of synthetic problems, whether they are experienced practitioners or chemists whose major interests lie outside organic synthesis. In addition, synthetic chemists requiring the essential facts in new areas, as well as students completely new to the field, will find Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, Second Edition, Nine Volume Set an invaluable source, providing an authoritative overview of core concepts. Winner of the 2015 PROSE Award for Multivolume Reference/Science from the Association of American Publishers Contains more than170 articles across nine volumes, including detailed analysis of core topics such as bonds, oxidation, and reduction Includes more than10,000 schemes and images Fully revised and updated; important growth areas—including combinatorial chemistry, new technological, industrial, and green chemistry developments—are covered extensively
The addition of polymers to bitumen allows the modification of certain physical properties, such as softening point, brittleness and ductility, of the bitumen. Polymer modified bitumen: Properties and characterisation provides a valuable and in-depth coverage of the science and technology of polymer modified bitumen.After an initial introduction to bitumen and polymer modified bitumen, the book is divided into two parts. Chapters in part one focus on the preparation and properties of a range of polymer modified bitumen, including polymer bitumen emulsions, modification of bitumen with poly (urethanes), waste rubber and plastic and polypropylene fibres. Part two addresses the characterisation and properties of polymer modified bitumen. Chapter topics covered include rheology, simulated and actual long term ageing studies; the solubility of bituminous binders in fuels and the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to study ageing/oxidation of polymer modified bitumen.Polymer modified bitumen is an essential reference for scientists and engineers, from both academia and the civil engineering and transport industries, interested in the properties and characterisation of polymer modified bitumen. - Provides a comprehensive and in-depth coverage of the science and technology of polymer modified bitumen - Focuses on the preparation and properties of a range of polymer modified bitumen, including emulsions, modification of bitumen with poly(urethanes), waste rubber and plastic as well as polypropylene fibres - Addresses the characterization and properties of polymer modified bitumen, including rheology, simulated and actual long term ageing studies, and the solubility of bituminous binders in fuels
The proliferation of technological capability, miniaturization, and demand for aerial intelligence is pushing unmanned aerial systems (UAS) into the realm of a multi-billion dollar industry. This book surveys the UAS landscape from history to future applications. It discusses commercial applications, integration into the national airspace system (NAS), System function, operational procedures, safety concerns, and a host of other relevant topics. The book is dynamic and well-illustrated with separate sections for terminology and web- based resources for further information.
Extensive programmed laboratory tests involving some 400 asphalt emulsion slurry seals (AESS) were conducted. Thirteen aggregates including nine Iowa sources, a quartzite, a synthetic aggregate (Haydite), a limestone stone from Nebraska, and a Chat aggregate from Kansas were tested in combination with four emulsions and two mineral fillers, resulting in a total of 40 material combinations. A number of meetings were held with the Iowa DOT engineers and 12 state highway departments that have had successful slurry seal experiences and records, and several slurry seal contractors and material and equipment suppliers were contacted. Asphalt emulsion slurry seal development, uses, characteristics, tests, and design methods were thoroughly reviewed in conjunction with Iowa's experiences through these meetings and discussions and through a literature search (covering some 140 articles and 12 state highway department specifications). It was found that, while asphalt emulsion slurry seals (when properly designed and constructed) can economically improve the quality and extend the life of existing pavement surface, experiences with them had been mixed due to the many material, slurry, and construction variables that affect their design, construction, and performance. The report discusses those variables identified during the course of the project and makes recommendations concerning design procedures, design criteria, specifications and the means of evaluating them.
This synthesis on the use of recycled rubber tires in highways will be of interest to administrators and policy-makers; pavement, materials, geotechnical, environmental, and traffic operations engineers; and research engineers involved with highway design and construction issues. Information is provided on the uses of rubber tires in asphalt paving materials as well as other uses, such as on fills and embankments, for erosion control and on railroad grade crossings. Specifically, information is included which identifies the agencies using or implementing applications for recycled rubber tires and defines the design parameters, technical and construction limitations, performance, costs, benefits, environmental limitations, specifications, and availability. This synthesis of information defines the use of recycled rubber tires in highways and is based on a review of nearly 500 references and on information recorded from state highway agency responses to a 1991 survey of practice. Updates are included for as much of the state practice information possible through 1993. The use of scrap tires for highway applications is dynamic with regard to policy and technical issues. Therefore, the reader should keep in mind that the information presented reflects the best available data at a particular time. The synthesis also identifies current research in the topic area, critical research needs, and legislative issues that affect application and use of recycled rubber tires.