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This volume presents the most recent and comprehensive collection of reviews on methodological developments in the field of alpha-amino acids.
Covers all facets of the synthesis of ß-amino acids As evidenced by an exponential increase in the literature published on the subject, interest in ß-amino acids has grown over the past several years. With major pharmaceutical applications, these amino acids are now studied across multiple lines of research, including combinatorial chemistry, medicinal chemistry, molecular design, proteomics, and others. This Second Edition of Enantioselective Synthesis of ß-Amino Acids updates reviews included in the First Edition while also covering new developments since its publication. The book presents detailed discussions of the most important methods for the synthesis of ß-amino acids. In most cases, the lead chemist who originally developed a method provides an authoritative description of it. In addition, Enantioselective Synthesis of ß-Amino Acids, Second Edition: * Features introductory overviews on the structural types of relevant ß-amino acid targets and salient ß-amino acids present in natural products * Dedicates several chapters to advances in the synthesis of oligomers from ß-amino acids * Includes general and practical procedures for the preparation of ß-amino acids in each chapter * Discusses the most important methods that have been recently developed for the asymmetric synthesis of cyclic and open-chain ß-amino acids * Includes a report on the preparation of libraries of enantiopure ß-amino acids using combinatorial approaches The only book of its kind available today, Enantioselective Synthesis of ß-Amino Acids, Second Edition offers upper-level students and professionals an essential resource for pharmaceutical development, medicinal chemistry, and biochemistry.
Over the last decades, amino acids have been found to be of importance in many fields of science. Apart from their biological function, this family of organic compounds has been employed in the synthesis of a vast variety of salts, with impact on areas such as materials science, pharmaceutical or physical research. This covers a wide range, from the discovery of important ferroelectrics or non-linear optical materials to nutrients, flavor enhancers or drugs. This book describes amino acids and their salts with cations, anions and inorganic compounds from a chemical, physical and crystallographical point of view. Additional data on structural properties, crystal growth and the relation of structure and physical properties of amino acid salts is discussed.
In recent years, organo-fluorine chemistry has made a marked impact on the design and synthesis of a large variety of biologically active molecules, such as steroids, carbohydrates, amines, amino acids, peptides and other natural products. Naturally occurring amino acids play a pivotal role in living systems, and therefore synthetic fluorine-containing amino acids have been of significant interest to researchers working towards the understanding and modification of physiological processes. Fluorine-containing Amino Acids: is the first volume devoted to the synthesis and properties of fluorine-containing amino acids pays special attention to the preparation of enantiomerically pure acids (which are essential to the modern pharmaceutical industry) deals with a rapidly expanding field of research has been written by experienced researchers who are responsible for many developments in the field highlights the interdisciplinary nature of this topic Fluorine-containing Amino Acids is the only dedicated reference in this subject and will be essential for researchers in synthetic organic, peptide, natural product, and medicinal chemistry and biochemistry.
Contents: B. Alcaide ∙ P. Almendros: Novel Aspects on the Preparation of Spirocyclic and Fused Unsual β-Lactams.- S.S. Bari ∙ A. Bhalla: Spirocyclic β-Lactams: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Heterocycles.- L. Troisi ∙ C. Granito ∙ E. Pindinelli: Novel and Recent Synthesis and Applications of β-Lactams.- C. Palomo ∙ M. Oiarbide: β-Lactams Ring Opening: A Useful Entry to Amino Acids and Relevant Nitrogen-Containing Compounds.- B. Mandal ∙ P. Ghosh ∙ B. Basu: Recent Approaches Towards Solid Phase Synthesis of β-Lactams.- A.Arrieta ∙ B. Lecea ∙ F.P. Cossio: Computational Studies on the Synthesis of β-Lactams Via [ 2+2] Thermal Cycloadditions.- B. K. Banik ∙ I. Banik ∙ F. F. Becker: Novel Anticancer β-Lactams
The first four volumes of the series on 'Charged and Reactive Polymers' have been devoted to polymers in solution (Voh. I and II) or in gel and membrane forms (Vols. III and IV). In correlation with charges, other physical or chemical properties of macro molecules have been considered. Understanding of charge and hydrophobic effects is equally important for synthetic and biopolymers or their systems. Optically Active Polymers are related to problems of the same class, since optical activity is an inherent property of both natural macromolecules as well as a great variety of polymers synthesized in the Jast twenty years. Optical activity is a physical spectral property of chiral matter caused by asymmetrical configurations, conformations and structures which have no plane and no center of symmetry and consequently have two mirror image enantiomeric forms of inverse optical rotation. The racemic mixture of chiral enantiomers is optically inactive. The most common form of optical activity was first measured at a constant wavelength by the angle of rotation of linearly polarized light. More recently the measurements have been extended to the entire range of visible and attainable ultraviolet regions where electronic transitions are observed, giving rise to the ORD technique (Optical Rotatory Dispersion). The Cotton effects appear in the region of optically active absorption bands; outside of these bands the plain curve spectrum is also dependent on all the electronic transitions of the chromophores.
Edited by the leading expert on the topic, this is the first book to present the latest developments in this exciting field. Alongside the theoretical aspects, the top contributors provide practical protocols to give readers additional important information otherwise unavailable. A must for every synthetic chemist in academia and industry.
Books dealing with the mechanisms of enzymatic reactions were written a generation ago. They included volumes entitled Bioorganic Mechanisms, I and II by T.C. Bruice and S.J. Benkovic, published in 1965, the volume entitled Catalysis in Chemistry and Enzymology by W.P. Jencks in 1969, and the volume entitled Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms by C.T. Walsh in 1979. The Walsh book was based on the course taught by W.P. Jencks and R.H. Abeles at Brandeis University in the 1960's and 1970's. By the late 1970's, much more could be included about the structures of enzymes and the kinetics and mechanisms of enzymatic reactions themselves, and less emphasis was placed on chemical models. Walshs book was widely used in courses on enzymatic mechanisms for many years. Much has happened in the field of mechanistic enzymology in the past 15 to 20 years. Walshs book is both out-of-date and out-of-focus in todays world of enzymatic mechanisms. There is no longer a single volume or a small collection of volumes to which students can be directed to obtain a clear understanding of the state of knowledge regarding the chemicals mechanisms by which enzymes catalyze biological reactions. There is no single volume to which medicinal chemists and biotechnologists can refer on the subject of enzymatic mechanisms. Practitioners in the field have recognized a need for a new book on enzymatic mechanisms for more than ten years, and several, including Walsh, have considered undertaking to modernize Walshs book. However, these good intentions have been abandoned for one reason or another. The great size of the knowledge base in mechanistic enzymology has been a deterrent. It seems too large a subject for a single author, and it is difficult for several authors to coordinate their work to mutual satisfaction. This text by Perry A. Frey and Adrian D. Hegeman accomplishes this feat, producing the long-awaited replacement for Walshs classic text.
This volume brings together all aspects of TAXOL® research, development, and clinical use. It provides comprehensive knowledge of the compound and a perspective of the complex interrelationships needed for its development and production. Each chapter is written by an authority in the field. Chapters are carefully coordinated to maximize information on key topics while avoiding overlap and duplication. Previously unpublished material is presented along with thorough reviews of each topic.