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Im Rahmen der Dissertation wurden unterschiedliche Aspekte der Olefinmetathese mit Molybdän- und Wolframbasierten Katalysatoren untersucht. Zunächst wurde die Eignung von Molybdän Imido Alkyliden N-heterocyclischen Carben (NHC) Komplexen als Initiatoren für die ringöffnende Metathese-Polymerisation (ROMP) erforscht. Durch Einsatz von chiralen, enantiomerenreinen Norbornenderivaten als Monomer konnte gezeigt werden, dass mit diesen Komplexen selektiv trans-isotaktische Polymere hergestellt werden können. Die beobachtete Selektivität ist dabei stark abhängig von der Ligandensphäre. Des Weiteren konnte vollständig hydriertes, syndiotaktisches Polydicyclopentadien hergestellt und erstmals mittels Schmelzspinnen zu Fasern versponnen werden. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der Dissertation lag auf der Entwicklung neuer Katalysatoren für die Olefinmetathese. So wurde eine neue Syntheseroute zur Herstellung kationischer Wolfram Imido Alkyliden NHC Komplexen entwickelt. Durch Anpassung der Ligandensphäre konnten luftstabile kationische Molybdän und Wolfram Imido Alkyliden NHC Komplexe hergestellt werden, die hohe Produktivitäten in der Olefinmetathese von Substraten mit verschiedenen sauerstoff- und schwefelhaltigen funktionellen Gruppen zeigen. Schließlich konnte der erste Molybdän Oxo Alkyliden NHC Komplex hergestellt und charakterisiert werden.
Recently, the synthesis of neutral and cationic group(VI) imido/oxo alkylidene N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes that tolerate protic functional groups and aldehydes was reported. Unprecedented turnover numbers of up to 1.2 million were found for their silica-supported representatives. Some group(VI) alkylidene NHC complexes even display stability towards moisture and air. Coordination of the NHC to tungsten imido bistriflate precursor complexes, however, can lead to undesired side reactions. This work consequently aimed at the development of novel, more efficient routes to neutral and cationic tungsten imido/oxo alkylidene NHC complexes. In addition, some molybdenum imido alkylidene NHC complexes were targeted. Thereby, the scope of synthetically accessible complexes was broadened and, subsequently, their reactivity in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) was probed. Those complexes were used as thermally latent initiators for the ROMP of dicyclopentadiene. Precise determination of the onset temperature of polymerization was achieved via monitoring with differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the selectivity of novel complexes was tested for the formation of stereoregular polymers through ROMP of enantiomerically pure norbornene derivatives, which allowed for the synthesis of up to 98% trans-isotactic or cis-syndiotactic polymers depending on the steric demand of the imido and the alkoxide ligand.
Recently, the synthesis of neutral and cationic group(VI) imido/oxo alkylidene N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes that tolerate protic functional groups and aldehydes was reported. Unprecedented turnover numbers of up to 1.2 million were found for their silica-supported representatives. Some group(VI) alkylidene NHC complexes even display stability towards moisture and air. Coordination of the NHC to tungsten imido bistriflate precursor complexes, however, can lead to undesired side reactions. This work consequently aimed at the development of novel, more efficient routes to neutral and cationic tungsten imido/oxo alkylidene NHC complexes. In addition, some molybdenum imido alkylidene NHC complexes were targeted. Thereby, the scope of synthetically accessible complexes was broadened and, subsequently, their reactivity in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) was probed. Those complexes were used as thermally latent initiators for the ROMP of dicyclopentadiene. Precise determination of the onset temperature of polymerization was achieved via monitoring with differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the selectivity of novel complexes was tested for the formation of stereoregular polymers through ROMP of enantiomerically pure norbornene derivatives, which allowed for the synthesis of up to 98% trans-isotactic or cis-syndiotactic polymers depending on the steric demand of the imido and the alkoxide ligand.
Kurti and Czako have produced an indispensable tool for specialists and non-specialists in organic chemistry. This innovative reference work includes 250 organic reactions and their strategic use in the synthesis of complex natural and unnatural products. Reactions are thoroughly discussed in a convenient, two-page layout--using full color. Its comprehensive coverage, superb organization, quality of presentation, and wealth of references, make this a necessity for every organic chemist. - The first reference work on named reactions to present colored schemes for easier understanding - 250 frequently used named reactions are presented in a convenient two-page layout with numerous examples - An opening list of abbreviations includes both structures and chemical names - Contains more than 10,000 references grouped by seminal papers, reviews, modifications, and theoretical works - Appendices list reactions in order of discovery, group by contemporary usage, and provide additional study tools - Extensive index quickly locates information using words found in text and drawings
Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II (CCC II) is the sequel to what has become a classic in the field, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry, published in 1987. CCC II builds on the first and surveys new developments authoritatively in over 200 newly comissioned chapters, with an emphasis on current trends in biology, materials science and other areas of contemporary scientific interest.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes via Torquoselectivity-Controlled Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds with Ynolates, by Mitsuru Shindo and Kenji Matsumoto.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Z-Alkenes, by Woon-Yew Siau, Yao Zhang and Yu Zhao.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Mono-fluoroalkenes, by Shoji Hara.- Recent Advances in Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-Dienes, by Michael De Paolis, Isabelle Chataigner and Jacques Maddaluno.- Selective Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds via Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer from Diazo Reagents, by Yang Hu and X. Peter Zhang.- Selective Alkene Metathesis in the Total Synthesis of Complex Natural Product, by Xiaoguang Lei and Houhua Li.- Olefination Reactions of Phosphorus-Stabilized Carbon Nucleophiles, by Yonghong Gu and Shi-Kai Tian.- Alkene Synthesis Through Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of N-Tosylhydrazones, by Yan Zhang and Jianbo Wang.
Cyclic Polymers (Second Edition) reviews the many recent advances in this rapidly expanding subject since the publication of the first edition in 1986. The preparation, characterisation, properties and applications of a wide range of organic and inorganic cyclic oligomers and polymers are described in detail, together with many examples of catenanes and rotaxanes. The importance of large cyclics in biological chemistry and molecular biology is emphasised by a wide coverage of circular DNA, cyclic peptides and cyclic oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Experimental techniques and theoretical aspects of cyclic polymers are included, as well as examples of their uses such as ring opening polymerisation reactions to give commercially important materials. This book covers a wide range of topics which should be of interest to many scientific research workers (for example, in polymer science, chemistry and molecular biology), as well as providing a reference text for undergraduate and graduate students.
The use of water as a medium for promoting organic reactions has been rather neglected in the development of organic synthesis, despite the fact that it is the solvent in which almost all biochemical processes take place. Chemists have only recently started to appreciate the enormous potential water has to offer in the development of new synthetic reactions and strategies, where it can offer benefits in both unique chemistry and reduced environmental impact. In this new book, the editor, well known for his contribution to the development of water as a useful medium in synthetic organic chemistry, has assembled an international team of authors, themselves at the forefront of research into the use of the unique properties of water carrying out organic transformations, to provide a timely and concise overview of current research. By focusing on the practical use of water in synthetic organic chemistry, and with the concern for the use of solvents in organic chemistry, professional chemists, particularly those involved in industrial research and development, will find this book an essential guide to the current state of the art, and a useful starting point in their own research. Academic chemists, including postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students, will find this book an invaluable guide to this exciting and important area of chemistry.
The first handbook to focus on the asymmetric synthesis of different types of three-membered rings. The outstanding and experienced authors have an excellent international reputation and cover cyclopropanes, epoxides and aziridines as well as chiral oxaziridines in equal measure. To this end, they describe in detail different synthetic approaches starting with chiral substrates as well as the application of chiral metal- or organocatalysts. Furthermore, methods for the kinetic resolution of initially racemic products are treated alongside recent advances and novel developments in established techniques for the synthesis of three-membered rings. With its structured composition this is of high interest to scientists in methodological and natural product synthesis as well as those in industrial and pharmaceutical chemistry.
This volume covers both basic and advanced aspects of organometallic chemistry of all metals and catalysis. In order to present a comprehensive view of the subject, it provides broad coverage of organometallic chemistry itself. The catalysis section includes the challenging activation and fictionalization of the main classes of hydrocarbons and the industrially crucial heterogeneous catalysis. Summaries and exercises are provides at the end of each chapter, and the answers to these exercises can be found at the back of the book. Beginners in inorganic, organic and organometallic chemistry, as well as advanced scholars and chemists from academia and industry will find much value in this title.