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Self-healing is a well-known phenomenon in nature: a broken bone merges after some time and if skin is damaged, the wound will stop bleeding and heals again. This concept can be mimicked in order to create polymeric materials with the ability to regenerate after they have suffered degradation or wear. Already realized applications are used in aerospace engineering, and current research in this fascinating field shows how different self-healing mechanisms proven successful by nature can be adapted to produce even more versatile materials. The book combines the knowledge of an international panel of experts in the field and provides the reader with chemical and physical concepts for self-healing polymers, including aspects of biomimetic processes of healing in nature. It shows how to design self-healing polymers and explains the dynamics in these systems. Different self-healing concepts such as encapsulated systems and supramolecular systems are detailed. Chapters on analysis and friction detection in self-healing polymers and on applications round off the book.
The book covers silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, tin and germanium based inorganic polymers. It also includes chapters on organometallic polymers, transition metal based coordination polymers and geopolymers. The book is ideal for students and career starters in the industry.
Annotation Containing 32 peer-reviewed papers, this volume documents the proceedings of the international symposium of the same name (held under the aegis of the Materials Science and Technology Conferences) in December of 2001. Devoted to research into high-temperature polymers, the papers are organized into sections dealing with synthesis, properties, and bulk characterization in the first half and surface modification, interfacial or adhesion aspects, and applications in the second. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Cap d'Agde, France, September 9-14, 1990
The book provides a unique collection of 15 contributions by 15 internationally recognized scientists performing intensive research activity on the preparation and characterization of complex and multiphase materials based on macromolecules as well as on the evaluation and simulation of structure/properties relations. The topic is assuming a general increasing importance as providing a highly sustainable and modern approach to the present and future development of the important area of materials science and technology. The scientific route along the successive contributions goes from the controlled preparation of functional MM both by innovative polymerization reactions and preformed polymers modification (intramacromolecular complexity), to their combination with other MMs and materials to give blends and composites where new properties are conveniently achieved by morphologic complexity. The synergic behaviour of the different components in these last is obtained by reactive processing producing the necessary interfacial adhesion. Even if most examples deal with man-made MMs, biopolymers are also included. The various chapters provide in most cases an exhaustive fundamental description assisted by an up- to-date and broad list of relevant references The book is therefore an excellent informative and formative instrument for those involved in complex materials preparation and application in research and industry.
Proceedings of a technical conference held in Ellenville, New York, November 10-12, 1982
The field of synthetic chemistry provides an unparalleled opportunity to study the relationship between molecular structure and the physical and chemical properties of a system. Toward this end, this dissertation describes efforts to develop new systems containing negatively charged components with an eye toward applying them to energy storage applications. Chapter One begins by explaining the importance of energy storage in harnessing renewable energy sources and how photosynthesis can serve as inspiration for converting solar energy into useful chemical fuels. It also outlines the motivation and core concepts for projects described in later chapters. Chapter Two is presented in two parts. The first describes the synthesis of a series of ruthenium complexes bearing the pentadentate ligand 2,6-bis[1,1-bis(2-pyridyl)ethyl]pyridine (PY5Me2) and the subsequent electrochemical evaluation of [(PY5Me2)Ru(H2O)]2+ as a water oxidation catalyst. The second investigates [(PY5Me2)Co(H2O)]2+ for the same application. While both systems provided initial electrochemical evidence for water oxidation, it was ultimately found that the ruthenium complex served only as a stoichiometric oxidant for water oxidation while the cobalt complex appeared to decompose to a catalytically active side product. Based on lessons learned in Chapter Two, a fresh initiative was undertaken to synthesize new ligand scaffolds that might better support the high-valent metal species necessary to perform water oxidation. Consequently, pentadentate ligands possessing anionic donors were pursued. Chapter Three presents the synthesis and characterization of alkali metal salts of the tetraanionic ligand 2,2′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(2-methylmalonate) ([PY(CO2)4]4−) via deprotection of the neutral tetrapodal ligand tetraethyl 2,2′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(2-methylmalonate) (PY(CO2Et)4). The [PY(CO2)4]4− ligand, which features an axial pyridine and four equatorial carboxylate groups, cleanly reacts with a number of divalent first-row transition metals to form the series of complexes K2[(PY(CO2)4)M(H2O)] (M = Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+). The metal complexes were comprehensively characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Additionally, Chapter Three recounts a barrage of synthetic routes that have been attempted in order to generate a new N4C− ligand possessing four equatorial pyridine donors and an axial, anionic carbon donor. While this ligand has not yet been successfully isolated in sufficient amounts, the most promising options moving forward are highlighted. Although the final chapter continues to focus on the synthesis of negatively charged systems, the desired application switches to that of single-ion conducting electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. Hence, Chapter Four reports the synthesis of a series of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based network polymers incorporating fluorinated tetraphenylborate nodes into the polymer backbone. The modular nature of the building units for this polymer allowed for a systematic study of the effect of linker length and composition on the conductivity of Li-ions through the material. Whereas long linkers produced flexible materials that were conductive at elevated temperatures, materials made with short linkers were brittle and exhibited no conductivity. However, when loaded with 68 wt% propylene carbonate, materials containing short linkers outperformed those with long linkers, exhibiting conductivity as high as 2.5 × 10–4 S/cm for the polymer made with ethylene glycol. It was also found that the conductivity could be further increased by exchanging the PEG linker for 1,5-pentanediol, which produced conductivity values of 3.5 × 10–4 S/cm.
The first English edition of this book was pubUshed in 1971 with the late Prof. Dr. Werner Kern as coauthor. In 1997, for the preparation of the third edition, Prof. Dr. Helmut Ritter joined the team of authors and in 2001 Prof. Dr. Brigitte Voit and Prof. Dr. Matthias Rehahn complemented this team. The change in authors has not altered the basic concept of this 4th edition: again we were not aimed at compiling a comprehensive collection of recipes. In stead, we attempted to reach a broader description of the general methods and techniques for the synthesis, modification, and characterization of macromo- cules, supplemented by 105 selected and detailed experiments and by sufficient theoretical treatment so that no additional textbook be needed in order to under stand the experiments. In addition to the preparative aspects we have also tried to give the reader an impression of the relation of chemical structure and mor phology of polymers to their properties, as well as of areas of their application.