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This collection of abstracts, compiled by the Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable, describes field demonstrations of innovative technologies to treat hazardous waste at contaminated sites. This document updates and expands inforrnation presented in the second edition of the collection which was published in 1992. An asterisk (*) in the Table of Contents raarks synopses appearing for the first time in this edition. The collection is intended to be an information resource for hazardous waste site project managers for assessing the availability and viability of innovative technologies for treating contaminated ground water, soils, and sludge. It also is intended to assist government agencies in coordinating ongoing hazardous waste remediation technology research initiatives, particularly those sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Department of Interior (DOI). Innovative technologies, for the purposes of this compendium, are defined as those for which detailed performance and cost data are not readily available.
This book discusses the practical aspects of environmental technology organized into eight chapters relating to unit operations as follows: 1. Biological Technology 2. Chemical Technology 3. Containment and Barrier Technology 4. Immobilization Technology 5. Membrane Technology 6. Physical Technology 7. Radiation and Electrical Technology 8. Thermal Destruction Technology Traditional technologies have been included, as well as those that can be considered innovative and emerging. The traditional approaches have been the most successful, as contractors are careful about bidding on some of the newer technologies. However, as regulatory requirements increase, markets will open for the innovative and emerging processes. There will be increasing pressure to break down complex waste streams, with each subsequent stream demanding separate treatment. In addition, a number of technologies have been developed by combining processes directly, or in a treatment train, and these developments are expected to assume increasing importance. However, such concerns as uncertainties due to liability, regulatory approval, price competition, and client approval have limited the application of some of these newer technologies.
It is generally acknowledged today that the most effective strategy for toxic and hazardous waste management is: reduction, reuse and recycle. However, to date most of the activity has been in treatment technologies. This book focuses on recent technological issues commercially available or in various stages of implementation. Developments in the U.S. and Europe in the area of waste management policy and regulation are also examined since management and remediation have usually been conducted in response to regulatory requirements. This book serves as a state of the art resource on technologies and methodologies for the environmental protection manager involved in decisions concerning the management of toxic and hazardous waste.