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This report presents a cost analysis of Syngas (Synthesis Gas) production from natural gas. The process examined is a combined reforming process. In this process, natural gas is converted into syngas in two steps: steam reforming and autothermal reforming. In the steam reformer, the natural gas reacts with steam and, in the secondary (autothermal) reformer, it reacts with oxygen. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Methane, Carbon Monoxide, Catalytic Reforming, Steam Reforming, SMR
This report presents a cost analysis of large-scale Methanol production from natural gas The process examined is similar to JM Catalysts LCM Process. In this process, natural gas passes through a gas heated reformer to be converted into syngas, which is then converted to Methanol. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7087652, issued to Johnson Matthey in 2006 (2) "Methanol", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: JM Catalysts, Leading Concept Methanol, autothermal reformer, gas heated reformer
This report presents a cost analysis of Oxygen recovery from air. The process examined is a typical vacuum swing adsorption process. In this process, low purity Oxygen is produced. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Pressure Swing Adsorption, PSA, VSA
This report presents a cost analysis of Syngas (Synthesis Gas) production from natural gas. The process examined is a typical autothermal reforming process. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Gas Production", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Methane, Carbon Monoxide, Catalytic Reforming
This report presents a cost analysis of Syngas (Synthesis Gas) production from natural gas. The process examined is a conventional steam reforming process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Methane, Carbon Monoxide, Steam Reforming, SMR
This book focuses on the chemistry and processes for conversion and utilization of carbon dioxide. Topics include CO 2 utilization, its conversion to industrial chemicals and fuels, its coversion via synthesis gas, and new catalysts and chemical processes for conversion.
The reconciliation of economic development, social justice and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the biggest political challenges of the moment. Strategies for mitigating CO2 emissions on a large scale using sequestration, storage and carbon technologies are priorities on the agendas of research centres and governments. Research on carbon sequestration is the path to solving major sustainability problems of this century a complex issue that requires a scientific approach and multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary technology, plus a collaborative policy among nations. Thus, this challenge makes this book an important source of information for researchers, policymakers and anyone with an inquiring mind on this subject.
This report presents a cost analysis of large-scale Methanol production from natural gas. The process examined employs combined reforming for syngas generation similarly to the technologies developed by the following companies: Lurgi, Toyo, KBR, Johnson Matthey/Davy and Haldor-Topsoe. In this process, natural gas is converted into syngas in two steps: steam reforming and autothermal reforming. In the steam reformer, the natural gas reacts with steam and, in the secondary (autothermal) reformer, it reacts with oxygen. The syngas generated is then converted to Methanol. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 8629190, issued to Lurgi in 2014 (2) US Patent 8388864, issued to Lurgi in 2013 Keywords: Synthesis Gas, Lurgi MegaMethanol, Johnson Matthey, JM Davy Technologies, Toyo, Kellogg Brown and Root, KBR, Johnson Matthey/Davy, Haldor-Topsoe
Biorenewable Resources: Engineering New Products from Agriculture, 2nd Edition will provide comprehensive coverage of engineering systems that convert agricultural crops and residues into bioenergy and biobased products. This edition is thoroughly updated and revised to better serve the needs of the professional and research fields working with biorenewable resource development and production. Biorenewable resources is a rapidly growing field that forms at the interface between agricultural and plant sciences and process engineering. Biorenewable Resources will be an indispensable reference for anyone working in the production of biomass or biorenewable resources.
Reflecting the developments in gas turbine combustion technology that have occurred in the last decade, Gas Turbine Combustion: Alternative Fuels and Emissions, Third Edition provides an up-to-date design manual and research reference on the design, manufacture, and operation of gas turbine combustors in applications ranging from aeronautical to po