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The book aims at synthesizing our current knowledge of Acipenser sturio and its management. This species, one of the most widespread sturgeon species all over Western Europe ranging from the Black Sea to the Baltic, is now on the verge of extinction. Major aspects of its biology and management, including mismanagement, are provided in a historic perspective. Similarly, the changes in the restoration programs (in situ and ex situ) initiated in France and Germany are presented. As the species occurred in sympatry with Acipenser oxyrinchus in Germany and Poland and very recently in France as well, a brief outlook on restoration-management programs of A. oxyrinchus are also provided for both North America and Northern European countries, namely Germany and Poland. As conservation-restoration actions go beyond scientific issues, non-governmental stakeholders and marine professional fishermen’s organizations have also been asked to contribute, and the key role of a French-German cooperation plan is underlined. A part of the book is devoted to perspectives. Illustrations of the European sturgeon, mainly in photographs, but also in stamps and paintings, are presented.
Sturgeons are considered “living fossils”, sharing many morphological and biological features with ancestral fish. Furthermore, sturgeons are of the utmost interest from an economic perspective, not only for the caviar but for the flesh. However, the wild populations of the majority of the species are at serious risk of extinction all over the world. So, it is urgent to develop strategies for both farming culture and conservation and recovery in natural habitats. This book provides a comprehensive view of the biology and sustainable development of sturgeons putting emphasis on the Southern Europe autochthonous species such as Acipenser nacarii and Acipenser sturio that share geographical distribution. Other relevant species (such as Huso huso, A. oxyrhinchus, A. ruthenus, A. stellatus) and areas (Germany, Russia, North America) are also considered. The contents are organised in three sections: Taxonomy and Biogeography (including the morphological and genetic analyses that clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of sturgeons, focused on those from Southern Europe), Biology and Aquaculture (where several aspects of the developmental biology, feeding, and reproduction are considered in relation to the improvement of sturgeon farming), and Recovery and Conservation (that collates and analyses different recovery research actions, the ecology of the rivers for restoration as well as the problems related to the trade of caviar).
Biologie des poissons d’eau douce européens, par son champ d’étude vaste et ambitieux, est un ouvrage de référence en ichtyologie dulçaquicole. Couvrant l’ensemble des aspects écologiques, écobiologiques, écophysiologiques et éthologiques, il dresse une présentation détaillée de 88 espèces auto- ou allochtones : morphologie, anatomie, distribution géographique, habitats, modes de vie et activités physiologiques. 453 autres espèces sont également répertoriées. Cette 2e édition a été largement revue et augmentée, compte tenu de l’importance des données scientifiques récentes. Outre des compléments utiles portant sur les habitats et les modes de vie, cet ouvrage s’enrichit des nombreux apports génétiques qui ont parfois « révolutionné » les concepts anciens relatifs aux origines paléo-historiques et paléo-géographiques des espèces. Des extensions ou des réductions de répartitions géographiques ont été consécutives à des transferts d’origine anthropique, à des dégradations physiques et chimiques et à la récente influence du Global Warming, sans oublier les changements de statut dans le domaine de la systématique. Au fil d’un livre d’une grande rigueur scientifique, abondamment illustré (dont 64 aquarelles originales et plus de 70 cartes géographiques pertinentes) et complété par un glossaire et une importante bibliographie, le lecteur abordera la connaissance des poissons européens d’une façon à la fois originale et attrayante. Cet ouvrage s’adresse à un large public : étudiants de 2e et 3e cycles en biologie, zoologie, écologie, hydrobiologie, environnement, ingénieurs et techniciens chargés de l’aménagement, de la gestion, de la qualité et de la protection des milieux aquatiques (services vétérinaires, de l’Environnement, de l’Agriculture, de l’Équipement…) auxquels il apportera les bases fondamentales nécessaires à leur action, et plus largement tous les passionnés d’ichtyofaune.
Selected, reviewed and revised papers from the International Conference on Sturgeon Biodiversity and Conservation held at The American Museum of Natural History in New York on 28-30 July 1994
This volume offers insight in the identification and selection procedure of marine protected areas in the German exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of the North - and Baltic Seas. EU Member States are obliged to establish a coherent network of protected areas, consisting of sites identified under the EC Habitats and Birds Directives. The goal of this Natura 2000 network is the conservation of biodiversity on land and in the sea. To fill important gaps in knowledge regarding the presence, abundance, and distribution of certain species and habitats in the German North- and Baltic Seas, the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) initiated a detailed research programme, involving researchers from many renowned German marine research institutes. This book contains the main results of the different projects under this research programme, which formed the basis for the identification and selection of the Natura 2000 sites. Information is given on two NATURA 2000 habitats (sandbanks and reefs), and benthic species, fish, birds and marine mammals, as well as on legal aspects and implementation procedures. Last but not least the book introduces the current status of NATURA 2000 in the German EEZ. Target audience are not only scientists, but also policymakers, environmental organisations and other stakeholders, and the book includes many illustrations.
This volume presents a synthesis of basic biological and conservation data for more than 30 species of sturgeons (Acipenseridae), paddlefishes (Polyodontidae) and their fossil allies in the order Acipenseriformes. Since the Jurassic, the four families of sturgeon-like fish have been restricted to the Holarctic, where until very recently they flourished in most major river systems. Today, however, virtually all species of sturgeons and paddlefishes face difficult conservation issues. Papers in the first section of this volume examine paleontology, systematics, evolution and basic biology of Acipenseriformes. The second section of this volume details current conservation status for most of the world's living species of Acipenseriformes. These papers mark the first attempt to make such a global review of recent data from across the northern hemisphere. The emerging picture is discouraging, for negative anthropogenic impacts range from overfishing to water pollution, to dams and water diversion projects, and all species are threatened to some degree. The third section of the volume considers specific human impacts and responses to conservation issues. These include: the Aral Sea ecological disaster and its impact on native sturgeons; a review of methods for restoring sturgeon populations; the use of molecular techniques in developing conservation strategies; the extreme sensitivity of sturgeons and paddlefishes to overfishing; and the history of a recently convicted caviar poaching ring. The volume's summary reviews the status of all extant species and notes future directions for research on behavior, ecology and population biology that could lead to better co-ordinated international conservation efforts.
Most of the diadromous fish of the world have decreased in distribution and abundance since the beginning of the twentieth century. They are now threatened, and important conservation issues arise. The causes of these trends vary among species and basins but regional human impact (damming, pollution, fisheries) and global change (climate) are suspected to be responsible for these difficulties. This book contains selected papers from an international symposium organised by the Diadfish network held in Bordeaux (France) in 2005. Readers will find up-to-date information on the ecology, ecotoxicology and physiology of several diadromous species (Atlantic salmon, shads, lampreys, eels) and this whole group in Europe. Main impacts are also documented and analysed in case studies, and solutions or remediation actions are presented.
Six species of sturgeons are native to the Danube River Basin. The need for conservation action is urgent, given that recent observations in the Lower Danube indicate that all sturgeon populations are near extinction. Due to the high commercial value of sturgeon products, in particular caviar, the pressure from proaching and illegal trade remains intense. These species will not survive unless fishing practices are greatly addressed, and both migration routes and habitats for all life-cycle stages are protected. Through national action and international co-ordination, this action plan aims to secure viable populations of all Danube sturgeon species by sustainable management and restoration of their natural habitats and migratory corridors