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It has been shown that the degree of adhesion of metals depends upon the surface cleanliness. This paper presents a method that was used to characterize the surface cleanliness of nickel during an adhesion experiment. The change in the work function of the surface as the metal was cleaned was used to indicate the degree of cleanliness. The point at which the work function was stable with additional cleaning was used as the cleanest surface. The cleaning technique was an argon-ion bombardment and heating process. Measurements of the adhesion force showed that the maximum adhesion forces occurred when the surfaces were the cleanest. The cleaned surfaces were recontaminated with oxygen and the adhesion force decreased to zero.
In this memorandum, the available reports in DMIC which are concerned with welding of metal surfaces in space environments, whether this welding is desirable or undesirable, are reviewed. The phenomenon of surface welding in the space environment is of interest to many for various reasons. Some hope to use the phenomenon for the completion of attachment joints or repairs to spacecraft. Some are concerned because of the possible malfunction of moving components such as bearings, valves, and electrical contacts. However, no effort has been made to correlate and analyze the data that are presented. A section on fundamental studies also is included, along with an annotated bibliography which covers references dealing primarily with lubricants, lubrication, coatings, and test equipment.