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The third volume of the series entitled "Symposia on Theoretical Physics" comprises the lectures delivered at the First Matscience Summer School on Theoretical Physics held in Bangalore for three weeks from August 24 to September 13, 1964. The academic program of the summer school consisted mainly of several invited lectures by both foreign and Indian scientists. Among the participants were the following: Professor R. Oehme, University of Chicago (United States); Professor K. Symanzik, New York Uni versity (United States); Professor E. R. Caianiello, Director, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Naples (Italy); Professor W. Brenig, Max Planck Institute (West Germany); Professor F. Calogero, University of Rome (Italy); Dr. A. Fujii, School of Science and Technology, Sophia University (Japan); Dr. J. Lukierski, University of Wroclaw (Poland). All were visiting scientists at Matscience. It was a very fortunate circumstance that this summer school was held immediately after the International Conference on High-Energy Physics at Dubna, U .S.S.R. Among the various topics discussed at the Dubna Conference, of particular interest is the reported violation of CP invariance and, hence, the violation also of time reversal ( T) invariance in some weak interactions as well as successful demonstra tion of SU 3 symmetry of elementary particle interactions. These were summarized by Professor Ramakrishnan who had attended the Dubna Conference.
The Third Anniversary Symposium, held in January 1965, was devoted mainly to various topics in elementary particle physics, with a few lectures on many-body problems and a short supple mentary program in mathematics. * In the Introductory Address Professor V. Weisskopf, Director General of CERN, Geneva, presented a broad survey of the then current scene in elementary particle physics, the most dominant trend in which is the concept of symmetry. He traced the use of the concept of rotational invariance and symmetry under permutation of identical objects in the realm of atomic spectra and how, with the inclusion of isotopic spin, such use was extended to the study of properties of nuclei. Professor Weisskopf also described how, in ad dition, elementary particles are characterized by a new quantum number, the hypercharge, which, with isotopic spin, is part of a wider symmetry SU(3). He mentioned three classes of experiments at CERN, one in search of quarks, one to investigate the existence of vector bosons suggested by theories as possible mediators of weak interaction, and one to test the existence of cosmic forces to explain C P or T violation. The quotations from Newton's Opticks at the beginning and the end of the lecture were strikingly relevant. Two lectures dealt with the application of SU(3) symmetry to weak and strong interactions, respectively. Ph. Meyer of the Uni versity of Paris, Orsay summarized his work on the conserved vector current hypothesis in relation to broken symmetries.
The second volume of this series is devoted to the Proceedings of the Second Anniversary Symposium under the chairmanship of the Niels Bohr Visiting Professor of the year - Professor L. Rosenfeld, Deputy Director of NORDIT A, Copenhagen, and the Editor of Nuclear Physics. With particular appropriateness, the Symposium was inaugu rated by the Honorable C. Subramaniam, Union Cabinet Minister, the founding father of the Institute. The meeting was characterized by two features: (1) the enlargement of the scope of the discussions in theoretical physics, with the inclusion of many-body problems and statistical mechanics! (2) Seminars on pure mathematics, stimulated by the prdence and participation of Professor Marshall H. Stone of Chicago as the First Ramanujan Visit ing Professor at the Institute. The year 1963 marked a new stage in the development of high energy physics - the first successes of SU (3) symmetry and the eight fold way had such an impact on the scientific world that the hard, unyielding domain of strong interactions was now again open to ex ploration. The volume opens with two significant lectures by Sudarshan and O'Raifeartaigh on fundamental problems relating to internal sym metries. The theory of Regge poles, after its initial triumph, met with rough weather, the nature and intensity of which can be realized from the series of discussions in this volume.
The MATSCIENCE Institute holds two scientific meetings a year, an anniversary symposium in January to commemorate its birth in 1962 and a three-week summer school in August. The proceedings of the first three meetings were initially made available for private circulation as cyclostyled notes. Professor Rosenfeld, the editor of Nuclear Physics, expressed the view that such material, which repre sented the cooperative effort of the scientists from various countries who participated in the visiting program of our Institute, should be published in a "more permanent form" to reach a wider community of readers. We were given the opportunity to do this by Mr. Earl Coleman, President of Plenum Press, who made the spontaneous offer, during his visit to Madras just a year ago to publish these proceedings as a continuing series. It was also decided to include in each volume certain lectures delivered during the year, though not at the meeting itself, if they were relevant to the subject matter of the symposium. The handsome effort of Plenum Press to bring out the series begin ning with the very first symposium has been matched by the willing cooperation of our visiting scientists, who have made this an inter national endeavor, the wholesome consequences of which will be felt beyond the domain of science.
The book contains the text of lectures given at the third of a series of biennial symposia in mathematical physics held in odd-numbered years. The subject of the symposium is the frontiers of mathematical physics. It deals with quantum phenomena and includes topics such as string theory and quantum gravity, particle physics and field theory, non-communative geometry, integrable models and infinite dimensional symmetry groups, quantum computing and information processing, and quantum chaos.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings® (ISTP® / ISI Proceedings)• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences
Prof T-Y Wu is not only an eminent physicist with an encyclopedic knowledge, but also a motivational teacher and an influential policy maker in science and technology. The young Wu was inspired by Prof Y-T Yao, whose course on modern physics sparked an interest that burned during a long and productive career. Among Wu's achievements are 14 books and more than 120 papers covering subjects from atomic and molecular physics to plasmas and gases to atmospheric physics to relativity theory. Even at the age of 90 he remains active, publishing papers and lecturing on physics.Prof Wu feels grateful that he had the opportunity to educate a group of extremely talented students and, in particular, to discover T D Lee's remarkable talent. Although creative talent is no doubt a product of nature, it must also be nurtured. Prof Wu has played a crucial role for an entire generation of physicists in China and has won great respect from former students such as C N Yang, T D Lee, K Huang, and countless others. Prof Wu's love of physics and his dedication in teaching and research will always be remembered.
It is generally felt in the cosmology and particle astrophysics community that we have just entered an era which later can only be looked back upon as a golden age. Thanks to the rapid technical development, with powerful new telescopes and other detectors taken into operation at an impressive rate, and the accompanying advancement of theoretical ideas, the picture of the past, present and future Universe is getting ever clearer. Some of the most exciting new findings and expected future developments are discussed in this invaluable volume.The topics covered include the physics of the early Universe and ultra-high energy processes. Emphasis is also put on neutrino physics and astrophysics, with the evidence for non-zero neutrino masses emerging from both solar neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos covered in great depth. Another field with interesting new results concerns the basic cosmological parameters, where both traditional methods and the potential of new ones, like deep supernova surveys and acoustic peak detections in the cosmic microwave background, are thoroughly discussed. Various aspects of the dark matter problem, such as gravitational lensing estimates of galaxy masses, cluster evolution and hot cluster electron distortions of the thermal microwave background spectrum, are also discussed, as are particle physics candidates of dark matter and methods to detect them. Cosmic rays of matter and antimatter are included as a topic, and so is the problem of the enigmatic dark energy of the vacuum.