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Air conditioning system is one of the major consumers of electrical energy in many parts of the world today. It represents between 40 and 70% of the energy consumption in commercial buildings. The demand of energy for air conditioning systems is expected to increase further in the next decades due to the population growth, the new economic boom, and the urbanization development. The rapid growth of air conditioning and electricity consumption will contribute further to climate change if fossil and nonrenewable resources are used. More energy-efficient and renewable energy-based air conditioning systems to accomplish space cooling are needed. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in sustainable air conditioning technologies and focus on the most recent research and development on green air conditioning systems including energy-efficient and renewable energy-based air conditioning systems.
Air conditioning system is one of the major consumers of electrical energy in many parts of the world today. It represents between 40 and 70% of the energy consumption in commercial buildings. The demand of energy for air conditioning systems is expected to increase further in the next decades due to the population growth, the new economic boom, and the urbanization development. The rapid growth of air conditioning and electricity consumption will contribute further to climate change if fossil and nonrenewable resources are used. More energy-efficient and renewable energy-based air conditioning systems to accomplish space cooling are needed. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in sustainable air conditioning technologies and focus on the most recent research and development on green air conditioning systems including energy-efficient and renewable energy-based air conditioning systems.
This book highlights the significance of using sustainable energy to prevent the deterioration of our planet using heat pumps. Energy sustainability can be achieved through improved energy efficiency. In this regard, heat pumps offer an energy-efficient alternative for heating and cooling. To drive the adoption of heat pumps as a key component of sustainable buildings, the authors focus on examining sustainable practices in heat pump operations and innovative system design. In view of the growing desire to use sustainable energy to meet heating and cooling demands and improve indoor air quality, this book offers a valuable reference guide to the available options in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) system design. To begin with, the authors define sustainable energy and discuss the trend of “thinking green” in building design. They then discuss sustainable practices and heat pump applications in mapping out HVAC systems. In turn, they examine the use of green operations to promote sustainable practices and, in order to highlight the importance of innovative design, discuss the configuration options and precision control aspects. In closing, the authors illustrate innovative sustainable design on the basis of several energy-efficient cases. The book’s main goal is to drive the adoption of sustainable energy solutions. Heat pumps, it argues, represent the most efficient system for meeting commercial/recreational/residential heating and cooling demands. The book not only examines industrial practices in heat pump application, but also discusses advanced heat pump technologies and innovative heat pump designs.
This book provides readers with essential knowledge enabling the successful design of today's new energy efficient HVAC systems. The author introduces important concepts such as Knowledge Categorization, Performance Based Design Standards, and Quantification of Uncertainty in Energy Modeling for Buildings. Pivotal topics that all HVAC and architectural engineers must master in order to navigate the green building renaissance are given focused attention, including the role of renewables, air quality, automatic controls, and thermal comfort. Relevant ASHRAE standards, as well as sustainability scoring systems such as BREEAM, HQE, LEED and CASBEE are explained in depth. Armed with the material contained in this practical reference, students and practitioners alike will become more effective and prepared for engineering success.
This book highlights key recent developments in air conditioning technologies for cooling and dehumidification with the specific objectives to improve energy efficiency and to minimize environmental impact. Today, air conditioning, comprising cooling and dehumidification, is a necessity in commercial and residential buildings and even in many industrial processes. This book provides key update on recent developments in air conditioning systems, cooling cycles and innovative cooling/dehumidification technologies. Key technologies related to cooling include heat-driven absorption and adsorption cooling and water-based dew point evaporative cooling. Technologies connected with dehumidification involve new generations of adsorbent–desiccant dehumidifiers, liquid-based desiccants and membranes that sieve out water vapor from air. Losses in cooling cycles and thermo-economic analysis for a sustainable economy are also judiciously documented.
Preface: The Journey into Evaporative Cooling In the sweltering heat of a changing world, the quest for cooling solutions that are sustainable, efficient, and harmonious with nature has never been more urgent. It is within this context that we embark on a journey into the fascinating realm of evaporative cooling—a journey that spans millennia, delves into the science of water's transformative power, explores the diverse applications of this ancient technique, and envisions a future where sustainability and comfort coexist seamlessly. The pages that follow will be a testament to the enduring legacy of evaporative cooling, from its origins in the distant past to its relevance in the modern age. We will unravel the intricate science behind this natural cooling process, discovering how it harnesses the power of evaporation to bring relief to the scorching heat. Along the way, we will witness its adaptability and resilience in various contexts, from traditional desert dwellings to advanced industrial facilities, from personal cooling devices to sustainable urban planning. But our journey does not end in the past or the present. It extends into the future, where innovations and possibilities in evaporative cooling promise a cooler, greener world. We will explore the cutting-edge technologies and sustainable practices that hold the potential to reshape the way we interact with our environment, providing us with comfort while minimizing our environmental footprint. This preface marks the beginning of a voyage through the world of evaporative cooling—a voyage of discovery, reflection, and inspiration. As we delve into the following chapters, we invite you to join us on this exploration, to learn from the wisdom of the past, to engage with the challenges of the present, and to envision the possibilities of the future. Together, we embark on a journey that celebrates the timeless principles of evaporative cooling and charts a course toward a more sustainable, comfortable, and harmonious existence.
The environmental impact of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems has become an increasingly critical concern in the modern world. As climate change and environmental sustainability rise to the forefront of global issues, the need for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly HVAC solutions has never been more pressing. Historically, HVAC systems have been significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. However, advancements in technology and design are driving a transformation towards more sustainable practices. Modern HVAC systems are now being designed with a strong emphasis on minimizing their environmental footprint. This includes innovations in energy efficiency, the use of eco-friendly refrigerants, improved building insulation, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Manufacturers and engineers are also focusing on developing smart HVAC systems that optimize performance and reduce energy wastage through intelligent controls and automation. Moreover, the implementation of green building standards, such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), is encouraging the adoption of sustainable HVAC practices. These standards set stringent criteria for energy efficiency and environmental impact, pushing the industry towards greener solutions. This discussion delves into the various strategies and technologies employed in the design of modern HVAC systems to mitigate their environmental impact. By examining these innovations, we can better understand how the HVAC industry is evolving to meet the challenges of sustainability and climate change, ensuring that our heating, cooling, and ventilation needs are met in an eco-friendly manner.
The simultaneous control of air temperature and humidity are the main functions of an air conditioner in order to provide human thermal comfort conditions. The conventional vapor compression air conditioning system cools the air below its dew point temperature to remove the moisture from the air. In hot and humid regions, considerable amount of energy is used for moisture removal using these systems. Because of the high energy cost of conventional systems and poor control of latent load, need arises for some alternative cooling devices. In this chapter alternative and renewable based air conditioning systems are described to overcome the increasing use of primary energy by conventional air conditional systems. Desiccant cooling is found to be a suitable alternative to these cooling systems. The configurations of desiccant cooling systems to achieve better performance are described. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of desiccant cooling system operating on ventilation and recirculation cycle has been presented. The results showed the system operating under the ventilation cycle has a better coefficient of performance as compared to the recirculation cycle because of the less input/regeneration heat required. The desiccant cooling technology is both cost-effective and environmental friendly as no refrigerant is used in these systems.
Explore the groundbreaking world of AC water recycling, where advanced technology merges with environmental awareness to reshape our water conservation practices. This enlightening book guides you through an enthralling journey, unveiling the untapped potential of air conditioning units in homes and businesses and addressing the critical issue of water scarcity. Within these pages, you'll uncover the surprising capacity of home AC units to generate water alongside the impressive output of commercial AC systems daily and even hourly. Additionally, you'll gain insight into the distressing waste of millions of gallons of water in states facing severe shortages: California, Texas, Arizona, and Nevada. In regions like these, where water wastage is prevalent, this innovative approach to water generation could be the game-changer we need. We've found a practical solution to mitigate water scarcity in these areas by harnessing the condensate water produced by air conditioners. This book reveals the untapped potential of AC water recycling, emphasizing how minor adjustments and heightened awareness can significantly contribute to water conservation efforts. Embrace the promise of air conditioning units as a sustainable answer to water scarcity as we collectively work towards a greener and more water-abundant future.
In the first book of its kind, this volume addresses the problem of the future cooling energy demand, the global frame defining the actual and future cooling energy consumption in the building sector. Based on the explored inputs and forecasts, a model was developed to predict the future cooling energy consumption of both the residential and commercial sector. Low energy, high-performance technological solutions for cooling energy problem in the building and city level will be presented.