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This book comprises an edited version of the Proceedings of the 2nd Interna tional Conference on Applications of Supercomputers in Engineering which took place at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA during August 1991. The Conference was organized by the Wessex Insti tute of Technology, Southampton, UK with the support of the International Society for Boundary Elements. The first International Conference on Ap plications of Supercomputers in Engineering held in Southampton, UK in September 1989 was a very successful meeting and the resulting Conference Proceedings are now widely distributed throughout the world. The revolutionary aspects of the next generation of computers are now fully recognised by many engineers and scientists. Vector and parallel computers form the basis of the computing power needed to address the complex prob lems with which engineers are faced. The new machines not only increase the size of the problems which can be solved, but also require a different computational approach to obtain the most efficient results.
The first volume in this new series has a companion in volume 2 (unseen), Parallel processing in computational mechanics . The first six contributions present general aspects of supercomputing from both hardware and software engineering points of view. Subsequent chapters discuss homotopy algorithms
Supercomputers play a significant and growing role in a variety of areas important to the nation. They are used to address challenging science and technology problems. In recent years, however, progress in supercomputing in the United States has slowed. The development of the Earth Simulator supercomputer by Japan that the United States could lose its competitive advantage and, more importantly, the national competence needed to achieve national goals. In the wake of this development, the Department of Energy asked the NRC to assess the state of U.S. supercomputing capabilities and relevant R&D. Subsequently, the Senate directed DOE in S. Rpt. 107-220 to ask the NRC to evaluate the Advanced Simulation and Computing program of the National Nuclear Security Administration at DOE in light of the development of the Earth Simulator. This report provides an assessment of the current status of supercomputing in the United States including a review of current demand and technology, infrastructure and institutions, and international activities. The report also presents a number of recommendations to enable the United States to meet current and future needs for capability supercomputers.
G.I.N. Rozvany ASI Director, Professor of Structural Design, FB 10, Essen University, Essen, Germany Structural optimization deals with the optimal design of all systems that consist, at least partially, of solids and are subject to stresses and deformations. This inte grated discipline plays an increasingly important role in all branches of technology, including aerospace, structural, mechanical, civil and chemical engineering as well as energy generation and building technology. In fact, the design of most man made objects, ranging from space-ships and long-span bridges to tennis rackets and artificial organs, can be improved considerably if human intuition is enhanced by means of computer-aided, systematic decisions. In analysing highly complex structural systems in practice, discretization is un avoidable because closed-form analytical solutions are only available for relatively simple, idealized problems. To keep discretization errors to a minimum, it is de sirable to use a relatively large number of elements. Modern computer technology enables us to analyse systems with many thousand degrees of freedom. In the optimization of structural systems, however, most currently available methods are restricted to at most a few hundred variables or a few hundred active constraints.
An examination of creative systems in structural and construction engineering taken from conference proceedings. Topics covered range from construction methods, safety and quality to seismic response of structural elements and soils and pavement analysis.