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The Edo people of the Midwestern region of Nigeria believe every living thing has an Ehi (mystical or spirit twin). The Ehi ensures that the uhimwen, self-predestination of the lifespan of an entity on earth, is adhered to precisely as the entity had avowed the day it was created by the supreme creator God. The Edo perceive the Ehi as a guide, guard and witness to the earthly journey of the entity. Ugbine is a small town located a few kilometres west of Benin City and was thrust into the limelight of European history by an incident which took place there on January 4, 1897. Summon My Ehi To Ugbine is the story of the events that led to the defeat and destruction of a clandestine and unauthorised British invasion force on January 4, 1897, at Ugbine, a small town a few kilometres west of Benin City. Mr J.R. Phillips, acting Consul General of the Niger Coast Protectorate, led the invasion force. This defeat and destruction of the British invasion force, which became universally known as the Benin Massacre, gave the British government the much-needed excuse to invade Benin City earlier than was planned. To justify the invasion of Benin City, the British government embarked on a disinformation campaign that the destruction of the invasion force was an unprovoked killing of seven unarmed British envoys and traders on a peaceful mission to Benin City by a group of Benin chiefs. The story is neither a history reference book nor a critique of any publication of the Ugbine incident. Neither is it my personal nor an Edo view of the events,1892-1896, that led to the incident, the subsequent invasion, plundering and razing of Benin City and the reign of terror the British unleashed on the Edo people from 1897 to 1899. Also, it is not an expose of these events because those who consciously or unconsciously initiated, orchestrated and executed this tragic and painful chapter of the history of Benin, recorded and told the story long ago. For 127 years, except for three writers, historians, and art historians, including internationally renowned publications, have retold this story based on the British government disinformation template. Sadly, they retold the story(each with a different flavour) of the events shamelessly, prejudiced and massively distorted. Summon My Ehi To Ugbine is a let-the-truth-be-heard story. And nothing more.
This collection of R. E. Bradbury's papers, originally published in 1973 includes edited sections of his (then hitherto) unpublished thesis on the Benin village in Western Nigeria. The book is arranged in 3 parts: historical and political studies of the kingdom of Benin; Benin village organization and religion and art. An introduction by Peter Morton-Williams traces bradbury's development as an interpreter of the culture, society and art of Benin, beginning with his first studies in the filed and culminating in the important anthropological and historical essays.
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Walk into any European museum today and you will see the curated spoils of Empire. They sit behind plate glass: dignified, tastefully lit. Accompanying pieces of card offer a name, date and place of origin. They do not mention that the objectsare all stolen. Few artefacts embody this history of rapacious and extractive colonialism better than the Benin Bronzes - a collection of thousands of brass plaques and carved ivory tusks depicting the history of the Royal Court of the Obas of BeninCity, Nigeria. Pillaged during a British naval attack in 1897, the loot was passed on to Queen Victoria, the British Museum and countless private collections. The story of the Benin Bronzes sits at the heart of a heated debate about cultural restitution, repatriation and the decolonisation of museums. In The Brutish Museums, Dan Hicks makes a powerful case for the urgent return of such objects, as part of a wider project of addressing the outstanding debt of colonialism.
Thinkers at the forefront in alternative theories on history, the origins of civilization, technology, and consciousness • With contributions by Graham Hancock, Robert Bauval, Mark Booth, Richard Hoagland, Robert Schoch, John Anthony West, and others • Topics range from quantum philosophy and paranormal phenomena to the secret history of NASA, instant polar shifts, and ancient Martian civilizations • Explores where our present time fits into the cycle of human existence A revolution of thought is under way in our world, fostered by decades of research and well-documented evidence by alternative theory pioneers such as Graham Hancock, John Anthony West, Robert Bauval, and Robert Schoch. These provocative, cutting-edge scholars now represent a direct challenge to the academic establishment as the paradigms of science and history shift and their ideas gain acceptance. Representing the latest, often controversial findings in scientific and historical research, this anthology of essays commissioned by Graham Hancock, bestselling author of Fingerprints of the Gods, covers the forefront in alternative theories on history, the origins of civilization, technology, and consciousness with topics ranging from quantum philosophy and paranormal phenomena to the ancient use of electromagnetism, the effect of cosmic rays on human evolution, and NASA’s cover-up of ancient Martian civilizations. Recognizing that many recent discoveries are actually rediscoveries of lost knowledge from past civilizations, these authors seek to understand where, within the bigger picture of human knowledge, our present time fits into the cycle of human existence.
October 2004
The Benin Empire flourished as an independent kingdom in present-day southern Nigeria. On February 19, 1897, a combined British Navy and Niger Coast Protectorate Force, code-named "Benin Punitive Expedition", captured Benin City, the kingdom's capital city. According to the British official statement, the "Benin Punitive Expedition" was a reprisal for the alleged killing of seven unarmed British officials on a diplomatic mission to Benin City by some Benin Chiefs on January 4, 1897, at Ugbine village, near Benin City. Today the Empire no longer exists in geographical maps, but her greatness, influence, and splendour can be still be seen in her artefacts, artworks, and mnemonics that were looted after Benin City was destroyed on February 21, 1897. Presently, over 90 percent of these Benin treasures are on display in private and public American and European museums and galleries, and in the possession of the looters' descendants. The events that led to the Invasion, looting, and destruction of Benin City, were well documented by the officials of the British Navy and Niger Coast Protectorate Authority, who played major roles in this darkest and saddest chapter of Benin history. However, for over 100 years the narratives have been retold and rewritten by American and European mainstream media, and experts and scholars of African art history and history: but sadly, prejudiced and massively distorted. Summon My Ehi To Ugbine, is based on the candid, impartial and true accounts of the events that led to the invasion of Benin City and the looting and destruction of the city, as was written by the leading actors of the episode.