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This report deals with pavement mixture designs and construction operation of field trials on U.S. 69 north of Lufkin, Texas. The binders used in this field trial consisted of pure asphalt cement for the control sections and 30/70 weight percent of a sulphur/asphalt emulsion as the test binder. All elements of the structural (thickness) design were produced in pairs for comparison purposes with the exception of two thinner sections selected to possibly show distress in two or three years. Otherwise, the thickness designs used in the test sections were those specified by the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation in the conventional section of this highway. Preconstruction laboratory evaluations of mixture properties and field laboratory control measurements are included as a part of this report.
This report discusses the design, placement and preliminary evaluation of a sulfur extended asphalt pavement. Initial data on frictional characteristics, rideability and strength was also obtained. In 1981 an overlay consisting of sulfur extended asphalt (SEA) pavement was placed on the I-95 interstate system in Maine. Approximately 26,200 tons of the experimental pavement was used. Three different blend weights, 30/70, 20/80 and 10/90 of sulfur to asphalt, were incorporated in the project. The SEA pavement was mixed by the "Direct Method", first adding asphalt then sulfur, using and 8,000 pound batch plant. The SEA mix was found to produce low concentrations of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and high concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP) around the paver during the laydown operation.
Sulfur-Extended-Asphalt (SEA) will become increasingly more important in the future as the supply of asphalt dwindles, the cost of asphalt increases and the sulfur supply exceeds demand. SEA binders had been used successfully in conventional stack plants and this study proves that these binders can also be used in dryer-drum plants. Emissions problems (SO2) did exist with the dryer-drum plant used, but with wet scrubber capability this problem can be solved. This study involved the placement of two test sections and the report presents a description of the work. As a result of this study, it is also advised that the dryer-drum plant's binder control system be calibrated before SEA concrete mix is produced, and also the water susceptibility of the mix be studied as part of the design.
The purpose of the project constructed in Florida was to design, build, and evaluate a bituminous base course using sulphur as an asphalt cement extender. This evaluation was developed in a manner consistent with procedures used in base satellite projects constructed throughout the state. The test sections are located in Alachua County and were incorporated as a part of the new construction of a four-lane divided roadway. The project itself consists of one control section and seven test sections, each approximately 600 feet (183 m) long. Four of the test sections have SEA binders.
The design, construction, and initial evaluation of the sulphur extended asphalt (SEA) pavement on the Baker River Highway near Concrete, Washington, is summarized in this paper. The initial design testing indicated that the resilient modulus of the SEA mixtures varies not only with SEA ratio but also with time after mixing and compaction. This resulted in using a 20/80 sulphur/asphalt binder ratio. A unique construction feature of this project was the manner in which sulphur was added to the hot-mix. Dry, bulk sulphur was introduced directly into the asphalt weigh bucket (batch plant) for melting.
The purpose of the project constructed in Florida was to design, build, and evaluate a bituminous base course using sulphur as an asphalt cement extender. This evaluation was developed in a manner consistent with procedures used in base satellite projects constructed throughout the state. The test sections are located in Alachua County and were incorporated as a part of the new construction of a four-lane divided roadway. The project itself consists of one control section and seven test sections, each approximately 600 feet (183 m) long. Four of the test sections have SEA binders.
The subject report contains the most comprehensive published description to date of equipment, materials, quality control procedures, and construction procedures used during the construction of pavement sections with sulphur-extended-asphalt (SEA) binders. It also highlights design procedures and emissions control monitoring used for the project. The reports graphic account will provide useful information to the following class of highway professionals who plan to use SA binders in construction: administrators, materials engineers, construction supervisors, quality control specialists, pavement designers, maintenance engineers, and environmental control specialists.