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This book provides a broad overview of essential features of subsurface environmental modelling at the science-policy interface, offering insights into the potential challenges in the field of subsurface flow and transport, as well as the corresponding computational modelling and its impact on the area of policy- and decision-making. The book is divided into two parts: Part I presents models, methods and software at the science-policy interface. Building on this, Part II illustrates the specifications using detailed case studies of subsurface environmental modelling. It also includes a systematic research overview and discusses the anthropogenic use of the subsurface, with a particular focus on energy-related technologies, such as carbon sequestration, geothermal technologies, fluid and energy storage, nuclear waste disposal, and unconventional oil and gas recovery.
Nanotechnology for CO2 Utilization in Oilfield Applications delivers a critical reference for petroleum and reservoir engineers to learn the latest advancements of combining the use of CO2 and nanofluids to lower carbon footprint. Starting with the existing chemical and physical methods employed for synthesizing nanofluids, the reference moves into the scalability and fabrication techniques given for all the various nanofluids currently used in oilfield applications. This is followed by various, relevant characterization techniques. Advancing on, the reference covers nanofluids used in drilling, cementing, and EOR fluids, including their challenges and implementation problems associated with the use of nanofluids. Finally, the authors discuss the combined application of CO2 and nanofluids, listing challenges and benefits of CO2, such as carbonation capacity of nanofluids via rheological analysis for better CO2 utilization. Supported by visual world maps on CCS sites and case studies across the industry, this book gives today's engineers a much-needed tool to lower emissions. - Covers applications for the scalability and reproducibility of fabrication techniques for various nanofluids used in the oilfield, including visual world maps that showcase current stages and future CCS sites - Helps readers understand CO2 case studies for subsurface applications, including CO2 injection into depleted reservoirs - Provides knowledge on the existing challenges and hazards involved in CO2 for safer utilization
This book introduces methods of re-processing images to extract numerical information that can be used to quantify the observables in environmental modelling. Experiments or procedures that yield large images can be statistically or parametrically examined. Through the use of open source libraries, the book shows how ‘big data’ in the form of images or datasets can be comparatively analysed along same defined procedures or standards. This book helps to solve the challenges of discarding datasets that are relevant directly or indirectly to the research. The habit of screening datasets leads to the discard of over 90% of the original dataset or images generated in the experiments or procedure. If the images or datasets are generated under the same principles or conditions, then each measurement may be the narrative of unique events. The focus of this book is to enlighten researchers on how to analyse measurements with the aim of ensuring 100% utilization.
The UK is a country with over 150 years of widespread exploitation of its principal aquifers for public water supply. Increasing demands, greater awareness of environmental pressures and more exacting legislation has heightened the need for quantitative models to predict the impacts of groundwater use. In the UK this has culminated in a unique national, regulator-led programme for England and Wales to develop conceptual and numerical models of the principal bedrock aquifers. The outcomes of this programme will be of interest to the international hydrogeological community, particularly as international legislation such as the European Water Framework Directive requires management of water issues across administrative boundaries with a varied cast of stakeholders. The collection of papers provides a contrast between practitioner- and research-based approaches to assess and predict the anthropogenic impacts and environmental pressures.
The discovery of toxic pollution at Love Canal brought ground water contamination to the forefront of public attention. Since then, ground water science and modeling have become increasingly important in evaluating contamination, setting regulations, and resolving liability issues in court. A clearly written explanation of ground water processes and modeling, Ground Water Models focuses on the practical aspects of model application. It: examines the role of models in regulation, litigation, and policy development; explains ground water processes and describes specific applications for models; presents emerging technologies; and offers specific recommendations for better use of ground water science in policy formation.