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This book will address the major subsoil physical and chemical constraints and their implications to crop production; Plant growth is often restricted by adverse physical and chemical properties of subsoils yet these limitations are not revealed by testing surface soils and hence their significance in crop management is often overlooked. The major constraints can be physical or chemical. Physical limitations such as poor/nil subsoil structure, sandy subsoils that do not provide adequate water or gravelly subsoils and, etc. On the other hand, chemical constraints include acidity/alkalinity, high extractable Al or Mn, low nutrient availability, salts, boron toxicity and pyritic subsoils. Some of these constraints are inherent properties of the soil profile while others are induced by crop and soil management practices. This aim of this book is to define the constraints and discuss amelioration practices and benefits for crop production. This book will be of interest to readers involved with agriculture and soil sciences in laboratory, applied or classroom settings.
This was attributed to less decomposition of the wheat stubble, in comparison to the lucerne, resulting in a higher content of soil carbon. A further field study investigated the residual effects, after 3 seasons of crop production, of subsoil amelioration, with organic amendments, on the shoot growth, soil water-use and grain yield. In addition, soil structural changes were assessed in relation to the spatial pattern of samples, either being directly beneath a canola plant or away from the plant. Improved shoot growth and up to a 30% increase in grain yield was found in the organic treatments. Macroaggregate stability was found to be highest in the organic treatments. Furthermore, the presence of canola plants also contributed to a positive increase in macroaggregates. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated that the addition of organic amendments, or root growth, can improve the structure of sodic clay subsoil. Primarily, this is achieved through the stimulation of the soil microbial activity.
Globally, over two thirds of soils are affected by physical, chemical, or biological soil constraints. These constraints cause significant yield loss, and, as such, identifying appropriate management strategies is crucial to ensure future world food production. In order to help agricultural researchers and practitioners better understand soil constraint management, this book comprehensively outlines the occurrence of the major soil constraints and the most appropriate strategies to manage these for sustainable food production. Importantly, it brings together experts from major agricultural regions globally to highlight approaches with the most success in different environmental and socioeconomic regions worldwide.
Identifying, interpreting, and managing soil constraints are major challenges, especially when multiple constraints occur in the same soil at various depth zones. Although amelioration tools and strategies are available to manage some of these constraints, field adoption of these technologies is a major challenge to the farming community. Soil Constraints and Productivity helps in identifying and understanding soil constraints, focusing on management practices to alleviate problems associated with these restrictions, and their impacts on crop productivity. Soil Constraints and Productivity aims to: Describe various strategies suitable for mitigating soil constraints Provide data on cost-benefit analysis of managing soil constraints Provide case studies of managing soil constraints to increase productivity Soil is essential for the doubling of major grain production proposed to be necessary to avoid major food security collapses in the future. This book will be a key resource for soil and environmental scientists, farmers, students majoring in agricultural and environmental sciences, and crop consultants.
Globally, over two thirds of soils are affected by physical, chemical, or biological soil constraints. These constraints cause significant yield loss, and, as such, identifying appropriate management strategies is crucial to ensure future world food production. In order to help agricultural researchers and practitioners better understand soil constraint management, this book comprehensively outlines the occurrence of the major soil constraints and the most appropriate strategies to manage these for sustainable food production. Importantly, it brings together experts from major agricultural regions globally to highlight approaches with the most success in different environmental and socioeconomic regions worldwide.
The principles and practice of deep tillage techniques have often failed to provide long-term, sustainable improvements of the soil for crop production. The book reviews alternative approaches to overcoming subsoil problems. These approaches involve reduced disturbance of the soil, but still provide substantial and sustainable soil improvements. Chapters 1 through 4 discuss the use of minimum tillage, bed farming, mole drainage, and slotting to overcome adverse subsoil conditions. Chapter 5 examines the options available for management of subsoil acidity. The next chapter provides an understanding of the processes involved in stress transmission and compaction under farm trafficking. The last chapter explains the critical role of soil microorganisms in providing long-term biological stabilization and improvements of soil. This reference brings together the latest research information on these subsoil amelioration techniques.