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Subhas Chandra Bose is notorious in Britain - and famous in India - because he led the Indian National Army, which was armed by the Japanese to fight against the British in World War II. As a result, Indian studies of his part in the independence movement have tended to be hagiographic. This book takes a critical look at Bose's political role before the INA episode, when in the 1920s and 1930s he represented radical and militant nationalism with the young Jawaharlal Nehru. Subhas Chandra Bose was a prominent Bengali political leader. Twice president of the Indian National Congress, on the second occasion he was elected in preference to Gandhi's own nominee. He successfully challenged Gandhi's leadership at both the central and regional level. He provided a broad platform for all those who opposed Gandhi and Gandhism. In Bengal he succeeded for a time in securing an alliance between the communists and the Islamic Krishak Praja Party (KPP). Though Bengal itself was at the heart of the struggle within the nationalist movement between Gandhians and socialists, until now, no detailed study has been made of political developments there. In this book the author examines the importance of Bose's militancy in the nationalist movement, how middle class radicalism developed in Bengal, and why in the end its inherent contradictions doomed it to failure.
This book presents the chapters; Constraint and tension in middle-class leadership; The Hindu-Muslim question; Ambivalence to the working-class struggle; Bengal Provincial Congress - operational dilemma and organisational constraint; Conclusion; Appendix I -Biographical sketches of leading political activists; Appendix II - The composition of the BPCC, 1939179; Appendix III-14-point election manifesto of the KPP, declared in the 1936 Dacca session.
Left radicalism in India was rooted in the nationalist movement and was set in motion in the 1920s with the formation of the communist party. The communist movement manifested itself differently in each phase of India’s political history and Communism continues to remain a meaningful alternative ideological discourse in India. This book examines left politics in India focusing on its rise, consolidation and relative decline in the present century. Left radicalism in India is a distinct ideological phenomenon which is articulated in two complementary ways: while the parliamentary left remains social democratic in character, its bête noire, the left wing extremists, continue to uphold the classical Marxist, Leninist and Maoist notion of violent revolution. By concentrating on the nature and also activities of these two versions of left radicalism, this book is a thorough study of the phenomenon. The author analyses the states of Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura and presents a variety of case studies of communist movements. He argues that the political power of the left parties depends on the degree to which they have built organizational strength, political hegemony and a broad social base through legal and extra-parliamentary struggles. An in-depth study of socio-economic circumstances that remain critical in conceptualizing radical extremism, Left Radicalism in India will be of interest to those studying Indian Politics, South Asian History, Development Studies and Global Politics.
Land of Two Rivers chronicles the story of one of the most fascinating and influential regions in the Indian subcontinent. The confluence of two major river systems, Ganga and Brahmaputra, created the delta of Bengal—an ancient land known as a centre of trade, learning and the arts from the days of the Mahabharata and through the ancient dynasties. During the medieval era, this eventful journey saw the rise of Muslim dynasties which brought into being a unique culture, quite distinct from that of northern India. The colonial conquest in the eighteenth century opened the modern chapter of Bengal’s history and transformed the social and economic structure of the region. Nitish Sengupta traces the formation of Bengali identity through the Bengal Renaissance, the growth of nationalist politics and the complex web of events that eventually led to the partition of the region in 1947, analysing why, despite centuries of shared history and culture, the Bengalis finally divided along communal lines. The struggle of East Pakistan to free itself from West Pakistan’s dominance is vividly described, documenting the economic exploitation and cultural oppression of the Bengali people. Ultimately, under the leadership of Bangabandhu Mujibur Rahman, East Pakistan became the independent nation of Bangladesh in 1971. Land of Two Rivers is a scholarly yet extremely accessible account of the development of Bengal, sketching the eventful and turbulent history of this ancient civilization, rich in scope as well as in influence.
Chapter 1 Old legacies, new protests: Welfare and left rule in democratic India -- chapter 2 The social bases of rule and rebellion: Colonial Kerala and Bengal, 1792-1930 -- chapter 3 State formation and social movements: Colonial Kerala and Bengal compared, 1865-1930 -- chapter 4 Political practices and left ascendancy in Kerala, 1920-47 -- chapter 5 Structure, practices and weak left hegemony in Bengal, 1925-47 -- chapter 6 Insurgent and electoral logics in policy regimes: Kerala and Bengal compared, 1947 to the present.
This book critically examines the new middle class and the emergence of neo-urban spaces in India within the context of rapid urbanisation and changing socio-spatial dynamics in urban areas in the country. It looks at class as a socio-spatial category where class distinction is tied to and manifests itself through the space of the city. With a detailed ethnographic study of the national capital region of Delhi, especially Gurugram, it explores themes such as class subjectivity, morality and social beliefs; life inside gated enclaves; family and everyday practices of class reproduction; and the process of othering and exclusivity, among others. Class identity, vulnerability and hierarchy influence the actions and motivations of the middle class. The author studies the nuances and socio-political fractures stemming from the complex dynamic of class, caste, religion and gender that manifest in these neo-urban spaces and how these shape the city and community. Rich in empirical resources, this book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of sociology, political sociology, ethnography, urban sociology, urban studies and South Asian studies.
In this series of interconnected essays, Rajnarayan Chandavarkar offers a powerful revisionist analysis of the relationship between class and politics in India between the Mutiny and Independence. Dr Chandavarkar rejects the 'Orientalist' view of Indian social and economic development as exceptional and somehow distinct from that prevailing in capitalist societies elsewhere, and reasserts the critical role of the working classes in shaping the pattern of Indian capitalist development. Sustained in argument and elegant in exposition, these essays represent a major contribution not only to the history of the Indian working classes, but to the history of industrial capitalism and colonialism as a whole. Imperial Power and Popular Politics will be essential reading for all scholars and students of recent political, economic, and social history, social theory, and cultural and colonial studies.--Publisher description.
Subhas Chandra Bose and his brother Sarat were among the most important leaders of the Indian struggle for independence. Brothers Against the Raj is the definitive biography of the Bose brothers, placing them in the context of the Indian freedom struggle and the turbulent international politics of the period. Leonard A. Gordon uses material gathered from archives, records and over 150 interviews he conducted with the brothers' political contemporaries and family members, as well as hundreds of unpublished letters, to bring to life once more two of India's most controversial leaders during one of the most significant epochs in Indian history. "[A] distinguished book... Mr. Gordon is a thorough scholar..." "one of the books of the year for 1990." "Gordon has done full justice to the Bose brothers, giving them their due and recounting their story in the context of the turbulent times in which they lived." "Professor Gordon has... conducted exhaustive and painstaking research and put its fruits into an eminently readable book. Besides, he has skilfully put the story of their lives into the context of the complex politics of India and Bengal of their times." "The author is a New Yorker but knows Calcutta well... The entire distinguished family seems to come alive as he writes, but he is careful to paint them with their warts intact." "[An] extraordinary, informative, and insightful study of Subhas and Sarat Bose." " I have found the book informative and absorbing. [ Gordon has] managed to combine empathy with objectivity- not an easy feat."
While much has been written about the Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., never before has anyone compared the social and political origins and evolution of their thoughts on non-violence. In this path-breaking work, Bidyut Chakrabarty argues that there is a confluence between Gandhi and King's concerns for humanity and advocacy of non-violence, despite the very different historical, economic and cultural circumstances against which they developed their ideas. At the same time, he demonstrates that both thinkers were truly shaped by their historical moments, evolving their approaches to non-violence to best advance their respective struggles for freedom. Gandhi and King were perhaps the most influential individuals in modern history to combine religious and political thought into successful and dynamic social ideologies. Gandhi emphasized service to humanity while King, who was greatly influenced by Gandhi, pursued religion-driven social action. Chakrabarty looks particularly at the way in which each strategically used religious and political language to build momentum and attract followers to their movements. The result is a compelling and historically entrenched view of two of the most important figures of the twentieth century and a thoughtful meditation on the common threads that flow through the larger and enduring nonviolence movement.