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"In the event of an accident, one action that an occupant can take to contribute to their survival is to assume an appropriate 'brace-for-impact' position. This is an action in which a person pre-positions their body against whatever they are most likely to be thrown against, significantly reducing injuries sustained. Occupants in the US Airways flight 1549 sustained shoulder injuries that they attributed to the brace position; therefore, the NTSB recommended that the position be re-evaluated. The Federal Aviation Administration investigated this by conducting a series of 17 sled impact tests, 15 with two rows of transport category forward facing passenger seats and two with a bulkhead configured to represent the types of seats currently in use. Head, neck, upper and lower leg injury risks were evaluated using an advanced test dummy and injury criteria from current FAA regulations, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, European auto safety regulations, and applicable research findings. The current brace position, head against the seat back with hands on top of the seat back, was only successful in reducing head injury risk for locked-out seat backs. However, for full break-over and energy absorbing seat backs, this position increased the severity of the head impact. There was, however, no evidence that the anthropomorphic test device interaction with any of the seatback types resulted in hyperextension of the shoulder joint. Significant lower leg injury potential was not observed in this study, and therefore adopting lower leg injury criteria at this time does not appear to be a benefit. Even in the worst case test condition, the femur axial compressive force was below the regulatory limit, indicating that the femur compression criteria currently cited in FAA regulations is not likely to be exceeded in passenger seat dynamic qualification tests. To reduce detrimental interaction between the occupant's arms and the seatback, the current position was modified by placing the hands down by the lower legs instead of on the seat back. This alternate position was successful in significantly reducing head and neck injury risk for all of the seat back types evaluated. This research has led to the determination that as seat technology has evolved, the most effective brace position has as well, and the current positions recommended in AC 121- 24B may need some adjustment to provide an equivalent level of safety for all passenger seat back types."--Abstract.
Why do planes disappear or fall out of the sky? Brace for Impact traces the evolution of accident investigation and explains why flying is the safest form of travel. The history of air accidents is a harrowing one. Yet today flying is the safest mode of transportation, thanks in no small part to the work of crash detectives. Whenever a plane falls from the sky, the investigators pick through the wreckage for the clues they need to decipher what happened to that flight. Before the invention of the ‘black box’ and the evolution of forensic accident investigation, the causes often remained a mystery. Since the Wright brothers first took flight, aircraft design, pilot training, aircraft maintenance, and air traffic control have all evolved to current standards of safety. Because of lessons learned from tragedies such as what befell the Comets in the 1950s, the Douglas DC-10s in the 1970s, and ill-fated Air India, TWA, and Swissair flights, flight safety continues to improve. In many ways, the history of aviation is the history of air crash investigation.
This book aims to give you, the regular passenger, tips to survive if you are unfortunate enough to be caught up in an aircraft incident or accident. Captain John Morris, an experienced airline pilot, discusses the history or airport security then looks at some well known aircraft accidents and explains to the reader some simple techniques to make each journey safer. The book concludes with a discussion about safety today and what we should expect each time we board a commercial plane flight.
"In this thesis the events and management of a mass casualty incident (MCI) of an airplane crash are studied from a medical point of view. The incident is broken down into areas that are applicable to other MCIs. it is believed that the detailed study of an exceptional event can provide vital information for many other kinds of exceptional events."--Samenvatting auteur.
Written by more than 30 emergency physicians with first-hand experience handling medical care during disasters, this volume is the only single comprehensive reference on disaster medicine. It provides the information that every emergency department needs to prepare for and handle the challenges of natural and manmade disasters. The contributors present guidelines for assessing the affected population's health care needs, establishing priorities, allocating resources, and treating individuals. Coverage encompasses a wide range of natural, industrial, technologic, transportation-related, and conflict-related disasters, with examples from around the world. This edition has more illustrations and more information on weapons of mass destruction and explosions.
Does the thought of flying fill you with dread? Do panic attacks leave you feeling scared and vulnerable? If so, this book could change your life. Written by top flying experts from British Airways’ Flying with Confidence course, this reassuring guide explains everything you need to know about air travel alongside techniques for feeling confident and in control from take off to landing. In easy-to-follow sections, you'll learn how to recognise cabin noises, manage turbulence and fly in bad weather conditions. As your knowledge grows, so will your confidence, with the fear of the unknown removed. · Takes the terror out of common flight fears · Includes techniques for controlling anxiety, claustrophobia and panic · Will help you feel safe, calm and secure when you next take to the skies.
Up-To-Date Coverage of Every Aspect of Commercial Aviation Safety Completely revised edition to fully align with current U.S. and international regulations, this hands-on resource clearly explains the principles and practices of commercial aviation safety—from accident investigations to Safety Management Systems. Commercial Aviation Safety, Sixth Edition, delivers authoritative information on today's risk management on the ground and in the air. The book offers the latest procedures, flight technologies, and accident statistics. You will learn about new and evolving challenges, such as lasers, drones (unmanned aerial vehicles), cyberattacks, aircraft icing, and software bugs. Chapter outlines, review questions, and real-world incident examples are featured throughout. Coverage includes: • ICAO, FAA, EPA, TSA, and OSHA regulations • NTSB and ICAO accident investigation processes • Recording and reporting of safety data • U.S. and international aviation accident statistics • Accident causation models • The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) • Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Threat and Error Management (TEM) • Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) and Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) • Aircraft and air traffic control technologies and safety systems • Airport safety, including runway incursions • Aviation security, including the threats of intentional harm and terrorism • International and U.S. Aviation Safety Management Systems
What should every airline and manufacturer know about comfort?What can we learn from studies in the scientific literature?What do most passengers know about comfort and how can we translate that into interior design?Where can I find the latest knowledge and research useful for designing aircraft seats?Although the answers to these questions are ava