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The forms of liberal democracy developed in the 19th century seem increasingly ill-suited to the problems we face in the 21st. This dilemma has given rise to a deliberative democracy, and this text explores four contemporary cases in which the principles have been at least partially instituted.
The enactment of the 73rd Constitution Amendment Act, 1992 has brought to frontline the significance of Pachayati Raj System. Based on the framework provided in the Amendment, the State Governments initiated measures and gave shape to the concept of local governance through legislations and rules. The successful implementation of the constitutional amendment, State legislations and rules determine the overall functioning of PRIs. The functioning of PRIs has thrown up many issues and problems. In this book an attempts is made to discuss these issues and problems. The book covers a broad spectrum of Panchayati Raj System organizational structure, powers, functions, personnel, finance and overall performance. The book will be useful to students, research scholars, and teachers of Political Science and Public Administration and to policy makers, bureaucrats, social activists and all those concerned with democratic decentralization.
Papers presented at a workshop held in New Delhi during Oct. 28- 29, 1994.
This book brings together rich field studies from 42 panchayats in 12 states, to show how decentralization is working in Indian villages. It analyzes the social, political, and economic forces influencing variations in the degree of empowerment of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women and looks at likely future developments. The research methodology used brings insights from a micro approach instead of macro-level generalities.
In this definitive history, a key figure in the People's Campaign in Kerala provides a unique insider's account of one of the world's most extensive and successful experiments in decentralization. Launched in 1996, the campaign mobilized over 3 million of Kerala's 30 million people and resulted in bottom-up development planning in all 1,052 of its villages and urban neighborhoods. The authors tell a powerful story of mass mobilization and innovation as bureaucratic opposition was overcome, corruption and cynicism were rooted out, and parliamentary democracy prevailed. Considering both the theoretical and applied significance of the campaign in the context both of India's development since independence and of recent international debates about decentralization, civil society, and empowerment, the book provides invaluable lessons for sustainable development worldwide.
Considering the current challenges to human progress, this reference book examines recent theories, policies, and sectoral priorities, as well as various social, economic, and administrative factors that impact worldwide modernization and development. The book emphasizes the fact that communities must evaluate continuously and adjust their program activities in order to achieve a genuine mode of development. This volume includes case studies demonstrating effective applications of the major operational tools for the layout and execution of major development policies and examines the current trends and future directions in development theories, policies, and practices in the 21st century.
This book offers a critical perspective on the issues related to women’s empowerment, microfinance, and entrepreneurship in India. Written by distinguishing experts in this field, this book highlights women’s empowerment, which is a process of entrusting power to an individual on the control over resources and decisions. However, these two factors are less effective in a society where religion and cultural dominance is high. The book sheds light on the social security measures undertaken by the government aiming to the right to work helped women who are bounded by social restrictions. Over time there is a shift in rural occupational structure towards non-farm activities, which is largely distress driven self-employment. Access to credit is a great source to provide self-employment that develops self-esteem among women and uplift their position. The book highlights the discrimination against women entrepreneurs in access to credit led to gender biased entrepreneurial society. Association with self-help groups (SHGs) has made women more socially empowered. SHG members help them to change their life in a positive manner through micro-entrepreneurial activities. The book has emphasized on the role of microfinance, which has served the poor to become financially self-reliant. It is observed that for second generation borrowers, the impact of microfinance seems to fizzle out, where MFIs who are gaining efficiency are diverting their objective of servicing poor, signalling a sign of mission drift.