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The nonlinear interaction between two surface acoustic waves can be used in a number of signal processing devices. In this report the principles which underlie this interaction are developed both theoretically and experimentally. In the signal processing devices it is demonstrated that both convolution and fourier transformations can be carried out in real time. In the imaging work it is shown that acoustic surface waves can be used to scan optical images which are projected onto a semiconducting layer of silicon. This scanning process transfers spatial image pattern into a temporal pattern which can be transmitted electrically to a remote display station. (Modified author abstract).
The work consists of two projects - one on the digital control of acoustic signals from an imaging array and the second on the use of acoustic signals to interrogate thermal images formed on an array of silicon bolometers. In the first project it has been shown that in contrast to the present systems where analog systems are used to control the arrays in acoustic imaging multilevel digital processing systems can be employed to provide for the scanning and focusing of these arrays. The net result is an increase in performance and flexibility of these systems with images in real time. In the second part of the program we have shown that propagating acoustic signals can be used to interrogate an array of silicon bolometers which contain a thermal image. The theoretical and experimental results comprise a foundation for the construction of the thermal imaging device of the type described. The device should outperform existing uncooled thermal imaging devices over a practical range of frequencies. (Author).
The topic of nonlinear acoustics has been included at previous NATO study institutes going back to 1966. The first treatment, by Berktay, speculated on the possibilities nonlinear effects might offer. In 1968, Mellen illustrated some of these possibilities through laboratory tank experiments. Berktay returned in 1972 to present some engineering models for the design of parametric sources. In 1976, Bjorno presented a survey of theoretical and experimental results on parametric arrays developed at several laboratories. Today, research and development in nonlinear acoustics has gravitated toward applications. The present paper therefore addresses applications with a view towards outlining the unique features of nonlinear arrays, especially with regard to signal processing. Both nonlinear sources and receivers will be discussed.
Market: Acousticians, research scientists, instructors, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in nonlinear acoustics. This book contains a collection of papers by authors of the Former Soviet Union. The topics covered are media with "structural" nonlinearities, optical generation of sound, acoustic beat-wave interactions, acoustic shock waves, thermal self-focusing of acoustic waves, solitons, statistical nonlinear acoustics, media with relaxation and oscillatory degrees of freedom, parametric arrays, and fluid cavitation.
The fundamentals of nonlinear acoustics are presented in form of problems followed by solutions, explanations and answers. As distinct from existing textbooks, this book of problems not only helps the reader to become familiar with nonlinear wave processes and the methods of their description, but contributes to mastering calculation procedures and obtaining numerical estimates of the most significant parameters. Thereby, skills are acquired which are indispensable for carrying out original scientific research. This book can be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers working in the field of nonlinear wave physics and acoustics.
The comprehensive research activity around the World in the fields of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing being strongly supported by new experimental technique and equipment and by the parallel fast developments in computer technology and solid state devices, which has led to a rapidly reducing cost of digital processing thus enabling more complex processing to be carried out economically, emphasize how necessary it is at intervals of a few years through a NATO Advanced Study Institute (NATO ASI) and guided by leading experts to study the conquests in the fields of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing. This need of study is moreover stressed by the interdisciplina rity of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing, where a strong impact from other branches of science, - Geophysics, Radioastronomy, Bioengineering, Telecommunication, Seismology, Space Research etc. - is taking place, which makes it an extre mely difficult task for scientists to follow-up the development in all its phases and to preserve the general view of its rapid ly increasing number of possibilities. The present Proceedings of the NATO ASI held in Copenhagen during August 1980 join the series of proceedings of NATO summer schools on Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing held during the past 20 years. The equality and the fusion of the individual research fields of Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing and the separate introduction of advanced research results from other scientific areas related to underwater acoustics such as transducers characterize the subject matter of this NATO ASI.
Designed to follow an introductory text on psychoacoustics, this book takes readers through the mathematics of signal processing from its beginnings in the Fourier transform to advanced topics in modulation, dispersion relations, minimum phase systems, sampled data, and nonlinear distortion. While organised like an introductory engineering text on signals, the examples and exercises come from research on the perception of sound. A unique feature of this book is its consistent application of the Fourier transform, which unifies topics as diverse as cochlear filtering and digital recording. More than 250 exercises are included, many of them devoted to practical research in perception, while others explore surprising auditory illusions generated by special signals. Periodic signals, aperiodic signals, and noise -- along with their linear and nonlinear transformations -- are covered in detail. More advanced mathematical topics are treated in the appendices. A working knowledge of elementary calculus is the only prerequisite. Indispensable for researchers and advanced students in the psychology of auditory perception.