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This book is based on the author's work in the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, in which neutrinos are generated by a proton beam and are detected by near and far neutrino detectors. In order to achieve the precise measurement of the neutrino oscillation, an accurate understanding of the neutrino beam and the neutrino interaction is essential. Thus, the author measured the neutrino beam properties and the neutrino interaction cross sections using a near neutrino detector called INGRID and promoted a better understanding of them. Then, the author performed a neutrino oscillation analysis using the neutrino beam and neutrino interaction models verified by the INGRID measurements. As a result, some values of the neutrino CP phase are disfavored at the 90% confidence level. If the measurement precision is further improved, we may be able to discover the finite CP phase which involves the CP violation. Thus, this result is an important step towards the discovery of CP violation in the lepton sector, which may be the key to understanding the origin of the matter–antimatter asymmetry in the universe.
The T2K experiment studies the properties of neutrinos, particularly neutrino oscillations. It takes place in Japan and uses a muonic neutrino beam produced by the J-PARC accelerator complex, a near detector, ND280 on the J-PARC site in order to characterise the beam, and a far detector, Super-Kamiokande 295 km away in order to measure the neutrino oscillations. The near detector is also used to study the neutrino interactions and the goal of this thesis is the measurement of muonic neutrino deep inelastic scattering cross sections.The thesis first introduces neutrino physics, then the T2K experiment and more particularly the time projection chambers of the near detector, and its data quality checking that I was in charge of. The analysis is based on the T2K data recorded until 2013. The selection of charged current muonic neutrino interactions is then presented, as well as a preliminary study of the selection of charged current muonic neutrino interactions with the production of a neutral pion. A criterion on track multiplicity allows enriching the former sample in interactions corresponding to a neutrino deep inelastic scattering. Finally a fit, first validated on simulated data, allows the extraction of the muonic neutrino deep inelastic scattering cross sections.
In this thesis, I present a measurement of the absolute inclusive cross section of single + production induced by neutral current interactions ( (NCS +)). I also present a method to identify particles stopping in the Fine Grained Detectors (FGDs). An introductory description of neutrino physics, as well as of the T2K experiment and the ND280 tracker system are included for completeness. Other important contributions to the development of the FGDs, including the selection and characterization of the wavelength shifting bers used in these detectors, as well as their commissioning at JPARC, are also discussed in the thesis. The particle identi cation with the FGDs is based on the reconstructed deposited energy versus track length. It is primarily devoted to separate stopping protons from pions. In particular, this method can distinguish between exiting and stopping muons (or pions). In the measurement of (NCS +), the tracker system of the near detector (ND280) of the T2K experiment is used to reconstruct the particles and respective kinematics. It consists of two FGDs and three Time Projection Chambers (TPCs). One of the FGDs provides a target mass of 1 tonne for neutrino interactions, out of it 93% is composed of CH. The number of neutrino interactions used in this thesis corresponds to a total of 1:077 1020 protons on target at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (JPARC) facility in Tokai, collected during the T2K Run-1 and Run-2 data acquisition periods. Since the ND280 is 2:5 o the neutrino beam direction, its energy spectrum has a narrow width with peak at near 0.6 GeV. The analysis is based on NEUT Monte Carlo (MC) predictions for neutrino-nucleus interactions. The achieved e ciency and purity in the selection of forward-going + are 39% and 21%, respectively, for pions with momentum between 0.2 and 1.1 GeV/c. Systematic errors arising from neutrino ux uncertainties, event reconstruction and neutrino interaction models have been considered in the analysis. The ratio data to MC simulation is data= MC
NuInt11, the seventh in the series of international workshops on Neutrino Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV region was held in Dehradun-Musoorie, India and was hosted by H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) situated in Central Himalayan region of Northern India. The workshop focused on the measurement of Neutrino Nucleus cross sections and reconstruction of the kinematics of neutrino reactions which play an important role in understanding the neutrino oscillation physics. The interpretation of the experiments and extraction of the neutrino oscillation parameters require active collaboration of theoretical and experimental physicists working in the field of nuclear and high energy physics. NuInt11 provides a forum where such collaborative studies are presented, discussed and reviewed. The present volume contains the written account of all such deliberations presented in this workshop which will be useful for senior scientists and graduate students working in the field of astro, nuclear and high energy physics aspects of neutrino properties and its utilisation with matter. A review of latest experimental results for neutrino oscillation experiments like MiniBooNE, MINOS, SciBooNE, T2K and MINERvA are presented. Progress made in detector development at ArgoNeut, MicroBooNE and OPERA experiments for neutrino oscillation as well as some bolometer detectors for double Beta Decay experiments are described. Theoretically, the latest developments in the study of Neutrino Nucleus Interactions, in quasielastic inelastic and deep inelastic reactions are reviewed and comparative studies of neutrino event generators being used in the analysis of neutrino oscillation experiments presented at the workshop are included in this volume.
This book discusses the upgrade of the Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector, which consists in the addition of a salt of gadolinium into the detector’s water, the goal being to endow it with a very high-efficiency ability to detect neutrons: the SuperK-Gd project. This will substantially improve the scientific value of the SK detector because, among others, neutron production is related to the matter–antimatter character of the interacting neutrino. In this book the authors develop several procedures for maximizing the impact of neutron tagging in various physics analyses involving a broad range of neutrino energy. They thoroughly study the impact of new backgrounds introduced by Gd in key physics analyses, most remarkably including the search for the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background. At GeV energies, the neutron tagging improvements are evaluated by performing a complete neutrino oscillation sensitivity study using atmospheric and long baseline neutrinos, with a focus on the neutrino mass hierarchy and the leptonic CP violation. In order to prove the relevance of neutron tagging with the available data, the authors apply the neutron-tagging tools developed here to the 4th phase of the SK detector, which is already capable of detecting a low fraction of the neutrons produced through hydrogen-neutron captures. A global oscillation analysis of the SK’s atmospheric neutrino data is also conducted.
Reviews the current state of knowledge of neutrino masses and the related question of neutrino oscillations. After an overview of the theory of neutrino masses and mixings, detailed accounts are given of the laboratory limits on neutrino masses, astrophysical and cosmological constraints on those masses, experimental results on neutrino oscillations, the theoretical interpretation of those results, and theoretical models of neutrino masses and mixings. The book concludes with an examination of the potential of long-baseline experiments. This is an essential reference text for workers in elementary-particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics.
Neutrino-nucleus charged-current quasi-elastic scattering is the signal interaction used by many neutrino oscillation experiments. For muon disappearance studies the signal mode is [nu][mu]n → [mu]p. Modern oscillation experiments, such as T2K, produce neutrino beams with peak beam energies of order a few-GeV. It is therefore vitally important to have accurate measurements of the charged-current quasi-elastic crosssection for future neutrino oscillation experiments. Neutrino-nucleus cross-sections in the few-GeV region are not well understood, with the main uncertainties coming from understanding of the neutrino beam flux and the final state interactions within nuclei. SciBooNE is a sub-GeV neutrino-nucleus cross-section experiment based at Fermilab, Batavia, USA, with the goal to measure neutrino cross-sections with precision of order 5%. SciBooNE took data from June 2007 until August 2008, in total 0.99×1020 and 1.53×1020 protons on target were collected in neutrino and anti-neutrino mode, respectively. In this thesis a [nu][mu] charged-current quasi-elastic (CCQE) cross-section contained within the SciBar sub-detector is presented. A method to tag muons in SciBar was developed and three samples were isolated. An excess in backwards tracks in the one-track sample is observed. A Poisson maximum likelihood is used to extract the CCQE cross-section. The fit was applied using a basic fit parameter model, successfully used to obtain the cross-section in the SciBar-MRD matched CCQE analysis. This method was found to be insufficient in describing the data for the SciBarcontained CCQE analysis. By adding two migration parameters the cross-section was calculated to be 1.004 ± 0.031 (stat)+0.101 -0.150(sys) × 10-38 cm2/neutron, excluding backwards tracks with a [chi]2 = 203.8/76 d.o.f. and 1.083 ± 0.030(stat)+0.115 -0.177(sys) × 10-38 cm2/neutron, including backwards tracks with a [chi]2 = 659.8/133 d.o.f. Only neutrino beam and detector systematics have been considered. Further study of the SciBar-contained sample is suggested, introducing additional fit parameters and considering the remaining systematics. The end goal is to extract a SciBooNE CCQE cross-section using the SciBar-contained and SciBar-MRD matched samples.
The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access