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It is shown that the 4pi intermediate state in pi-pi scattering plays an important role in determining the position and perhaps even the existence of the pi-pi resonance. This large effect occurs by virtue of the pi resonance. Quantitative estimates are given. The effect of this result on the nucleon form factors is briefly discussed and a simple model for these functions is proposed. The possibility of higher energy pion resonances is also considered. (Author).
Apart from the mesons that the constituent quark model predicts, QCD allows for additional states beyond the qq system. Previous experiments have performed partial wave analysis on pion-production data and claim observation of an exotic JPC = 1-+ state decaying via p-[pi]. The g12 experiment took place at Jefferson Lab using the CLAS spectrometer, a liquid hydrogen target was used and a tagged photon beam. By studying the reactions [gamma]p → n-[pi]+[pi]+[pi]- and [gamma]p → [Delta]++[pi]+[pi]-[pi]-, the photoproduction of mesons decaying to 3-pi was studied using two different but complimentary channels. Events are selected with low four-momentum transfer to the baryon, in order to enhance one pion exchange production. For both 3-pi systems the data exhibit two intermediate decays, p-pi and f2[pi]. For the [gamma]p → n-[pi]+[pi]+[pi]- reaction over 600k events were acquired resulting in the largest 3 photoproduction dataset to date. The exotic JPC = 1-+ partial wave does not show resonant behavior and more so it is strongly consistent with a non-resonant non-interfering wave relative to a resonant [pi]2(1670). Furthermore, the partial wave analysis shows production of the a2(1320) and [pi]2(1670) mesons. For the first time we report observation of a photoproduced a1(1260) meson. For the [gamma]p → [Delta]++[pi]+[pi]-[pi]- reaction nearly 350k events were analyzed. A partial wave analysis was performed for the first time on this channel. The a1(1260), a2(1320), and the 2(1670) mesons were observed. Observation of the a1(1260) confirms the result first reported in [gamma]p → n-[pi]+[pi]+[pi]- reaction.
Underpinning all the other branches of science, physics affects the way we live our lives, and ultimately how life itself functions. Recent scientific advances have led to dramatic reassessment of our understanding of the world around us, and made a significant impact on our lifestyle. In this book, leading international experts, including Nobel prize winners, explore the frontiers of modern physics, from the particles inside an atom to the stars that make up a galaxy, from nano-engineering and brain research to high-speed data networks. Revealing how physics plays a vital role in what we see around us, this book will fascinate scientists of all disciplines, and anyone wanting to know more about the world of physics today.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) has recently been more successful than al Qaeda in gaining U.S. terrorist recruits. The authors undertake a demographic profile of individuals drawn to foreign terrorist organizations and find that the affiliates average terrorists recruited by ISIL is younger, less educated, and more likely to be African American/black or Caucasian/white and a U.S.-born citizen.
Channeling, by its nature, involves a wide and disparate range of disciplines. Crystal preparation, material science, accelerator physics, sophisticated theoretical analysis and, of course, channeling itself all must work in concert in a research program. In spite of the gulfs separating some of these activities, researchers have drawn together over the last decade to carry out remarkable experiments in relativistic channeling and channeling radiation. Several informal workshops on high-energy channeling have been held over ~he years at Aarhus and Fermilab. However, with the vigorous progress in the field in the last several years it became clear that a more formal, comprehensive workshop was needed along with a book that covered the whole spectrum of the new developments, probed the future, and also laid out some of the foundations of the subject. This volume is the outcome of that process. The organization and preparation of both the volume and the workshop owe much to several outstanding scientific committees. The membership of these included J. Andersen (Aarhus), S. Baker (Fermilab), B. Berman (G. Washington), G. Bologna (Torino), E. Bonderup (Aarhus), S. Datz (Oak Ridge), J. Forster (Chalk River), F. Fujimoto (Tokyo), W. Gibson (Albany), I. Mitchell (Chalk River), Y. Ohtsuki (Waseda), R. Pantell (Stanford), S. Picraux (Sandia), J. Remillieux (Lyon), A. Saenz (NRL), V. Schegelsky (Gatchina), C. Sun (Albany), H. tiberall (Catholic U. ), E. Uggerh¢j (CERN), and R. Wedell (Humboldt). Others from across the spectrum of scientific disciplines agreed to serve as session chairmen.
This book introduces the world of antimatter without using technical language or equations. The author shows how the quest for symmetry in physics slowly revealed the properties of antimatter. When large particle accelerators came on line, the antimatter debris of collisions provided new clues on its properties. This is a fast-paced and lucid account of how science fiction became fact.