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The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) recently completed a bridge structure at the I-225/Parker Road Interchange southeast of Denver using innovative construction materials. Part of the bridge deck was constructed of a crack resistant high-performance concrete (HPC) mix and fiber reinforced polymeric reinforcement (FRP) under the sponsorship of the Innovative Bridge Research and Construction (IBRC) program of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). To support and validate the design of the bridge deck using innovative materials, a series of studies were conducted at the University of Colorado at Boulder. The studies include the development of HPC mixes, evaluation of the mechanical properties of FRP reinforcing bars under static and cyclic fatigue loads with environmental preconditioning, evaluation of the load carrying capacities of full-scale precast panels prestressed with FRP tendons, and finally, evaluation of the long-term fatigue endurance of a model bridge deck, part of which had a design similar to the actual bridge deck with FRP reinforcement at I-225/Parker Road. Furthermore, the applicability of the AASHTO empirical method to the topping slab of precast panel decks was also investigated.
Corrosion of reinforced concrete structures has been a significant problem for many state and transportation agencies since the application of deicing salts was introduced. Much research has been conducted to develop corrosion protection systems that can prolong the life span of reinforced concrete structures. The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) has several routine and experimental measures to prevent corrosion of the rebar including epoxy-coated rebar, calcium nitrite admixture, organic corrosion inhibitors, a thick cover of quality concrete, and a waterproofing membrane covered by an asphalt overlay. An extensive literature review was performed to collect information on various corrosion protection systems that have been used in the U.S. and around the world. Current CDOT practices in terms of corrosion protection measures were reviewed. A draft inspection plan for Colorado's bridge structures was proposed.
Understanding and recognising failure mechanisms in concrete is a fundamental pre-requisite to determining the type of repair, or whether a repair is feasible. This title provides a review of concrete deterioration and damage, as well as looking at the problem of defects in concrete. It also discusses condition assessment and repair techniques.Part one discusses failure mechanisms in concrete and covers topics such as causes and mechanisms of deterioration in reinforced concrete, types of damage in concrete structures, types and causes of cracking and condition assessment of concrete structures. Part two reviews the repair of concrete structures with coverage of themes such as standards and guidelines for repairing concrete structures, methods of crack repair, repair materials, bonded concrete overlays, repairing and retrofitting concrete structures with fiber-reinforced polymers, patching deteriorated concrete structures and durability of repaired concrete.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Failure and repair of concrete structures is a standard reference for civil engineers, architects and anyone working in the construction sector, as well as those concerned with ensuring the safety of concrete structures. - Provides a review of concrete deterioration and damage - Discusses condition assessment and repair techniques, standards and guidelines
As part of a national initiative sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) under the Innovative Bridge Research and Construction (IBRC) program, the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) incorporated an innovative and emerging technology on the Parker road/I-225 interchange reconstruction project. For the first time in its history, CDOT put to work carbon fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) in precast bridge deck panels in place of steel tendons. Glass FRP was used as mild reinforcement in conjunction with carbon FRP and also in the construction of a bridge rail. FRP materials are highly resistant to corrosive action of chloride and have a higher strength to weight ratio than steel tendons. The primary objective of this study was to validate the mechanical properties and the performance of carbon and glass FRP bars as reinforcing agents for bridge decks at the I-225 and Parker road interchange. Included in this report is an overview of existing literature on FRP reinforcement, evaluation of the bond strength of the FRP bars using pullout tests, and load testing of three prestressed panels and two composite slabs to failure.
Over the concluding decades of the twentieth century, the historic preservation community increasingly turned its attention to modern buildings, including bungalows from the 1930s, gas stations and diners from the 1940s, and office buildings and architectural homes from the 1950s. Conservation efforts, however, were often hampered by a lack of technical information about the products used in these structures, and to fill this gap Twentieth-Century Building Materials was developed by the U.S. Department of the Interior’s National Park Service and first published in 1995. Now, this invaluable guide is being reissued—with a new preface by the book’s original editor. With more than 250 illustrations, including a full-color photographic essay, the volume remains an indispensable reference on the history and conservation of modern building materials. Thirty-seven essays written by leading experts offer insights into the history, manufacturing processes, and uses of a wide range of materials, including glass block, aluminum, plywood, linoleum, and gypsum board. Readers will also learn about how these materials perform over time and discover valuable conservation and repair techniques. Bibliographies and sources for further research complete the volume. The book is intended for a wide range of conservation professionals including architects, engineers, conservators, and material scientists engaged in the conservation of modern buildings, as well as scholars in related disciplines.
Composite materials are used as substitutions of metals/traditional materials in aerospace, automotive, civil, mechanical and other industries. The present book collects the current knowledge and recent developments in the characterization and application of composite materials. To this purpose the volume describes the outstanding properties of this class of advanced material which recommend it for various industrial applications.
As existing buildings age, nearly half of all construction activity in Britain is related to maintenance, refurbishment and conversions. Building adaptation is an activity that continues to make a significant contribution to the workload of the construction industry. Given its importance to sustainable construction, the proportion of adaptation works in relation to new build is likely to remain substantial for the foreseeable future, especially in the developed parts of the world. Building Adaptation, Second Edition is intended as a primer on the physical changes that can affect older properties. It demonstrates the general principles, techniques, and processes needed when existing buildings must undergo alteration, conversion, extension, improvement, or refurbishment. The publication of the first edition of Building Adaptation reflected the upsurge in refurbishment work. The book quickly established itself as one of the core texts for building surveying students and others on undergraduate and postgraduate built environment courses. This new edition continues to provide a comprehensive introduction to all the key issues relating to the adaptation of buildings. It deals with any work to a building over and above maintenance to change its capacity, function or performance.