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Religious authority and political power have existed in complex relationships throughout India’s history. The centuries of the ‘early modern’ in South Asia saw particularly dynamic developments in this relationship. Regional as well as imperial states of the period expanded their religious patronage, while new sectarian centres of doctrinal and spiritual authority emerged beyond the confines of the state. Royal and merchant patronage stimulated the growth of new classes of mobile intellectuals deeply committed to the reappraisal of many aspects of religious law and doctrine. Supra-regional institutions and networks of many other kinds - sect-based religious maths, pilgrimage centres and their guardians, sants and sufi orders - flourished, offering greater mobility to wider communities of the pious. This was also a period of growing vigour in the development of vernacular religious literatures of different kinds, and often of new genres blending elements of older devotional, juridical and historical literatures. Oral and manuscript literatures too gained more rapid circulation, although the meaning and canonical status of texts frequently changed as they circulated more widely and reached larger lay audiences. Through explorations of these developments, the essays in this collection make a distinctive contribution to a critical formative period in the making of India’s modern religious cultures. This book was published as a special issue of South Asian History and Culture.
James McHugh offers the first comprehensive examination of the concepts and practices related to smell in pre-modern India. Drawing on a wide range of textual sources, from poetry to medical texts, he shows the deeply significant religious and cultural role of smell in India throughout the first millennium CE. McHugh describes sophisticated arts of perfumery, developed in temples, monasteries, and courts, which resulted in worldwide ocean trade. He shows that various religious discourses on the purpose of life emphasized the pleasures of the senses, including olfactory experience, as a valid end in themselves. Fragrances and stenches were analogous to certain values, aesthetic or ethical, and in a system where karmic results often had a sensory impact-where evil literally stank-the ethical and aesthetic became difficult to distinguish. Sandalwood and Carrion explores smell in pre-modern India from many perspectives, covering such topics as philosophical accounts of smell perception, odors in literature, the history of perfumery in India, the significance of sandalwood in Buddhism, and the divine offering of perfume to the gods.
This book, edited by the well-known historian A. L. Basham, presents a comprehensive survey of Indian culture, covering such aspects as religion, philosophy, social organization, literature, art. architecture, music and science. It includes a special section dealing with the influence ofIndian civilization on the rest of the world, as well as details of the political history of the region to provide a chronological framework for the non-specialist. Contributors include such eminent scholars as Radhakrishnan, Burrow, Das, and Spear.
Tryambakayajvan Is Almost Certainly The Famous Tryambakarayamakhin (Ad 1665-1750), Minister To Two Of The Maratha Kings Of Thanjavur (Sahaji And Serfoji). Famous In His Own Right As A Scholar Of Religious Law, He Is Described In A Contemporary Text As A Learned Minister, The Performer Of Vedic Sacrifices, And A Patron Of Scholars. In The Stridharmapaddhati, Tryambaka Summarizes For His Eighteenth-Century Audience A Tradition That Was Then Already Over A Thousand Years Old. The Treatise Advocates Conformity And Tryambaka Is Interested In Women Not As Individuals But As Parts That Fit Into And Strengthen The Whole. That Whole, For Him, Is Dharma. The Work Is, In Itself, An Admission Of The Power Of Non-Conformist Women To Wreck The Entire Edifice Of Hindu Society. For, When Women Are 'Corrupted', All Is Lost. Translated From The Sanskrit By I. Julia Leslie
The Present Volume Of The Annual Series Of Art And Culture Carrying The Sub-Title 'Painting And Perspective' Relates To The Following Themes: (A) Cultural Set-Up And Values; (B) Sculpture And Painting And (C) Science And Technology. The Articles Of The Volume Are Not Restricted To Any Particular Period Or Geographical Area. Moreover, The Purpose Is To Encourage Scholars To Think And Write In Terms Of Social Mores And Values As Far As Possible.
When in 1925 the initiative was taken by the Kern Institute Leiden to start the publica tion of an Annual Bibliography of Indian Archaeology, the Board of the Institute could do so with confidence, as it was sure of the assistance of scholars all over the world as to the supply of publications as well as of information. With the help of this material a bibliography could be compiled by a small team of highly skilled archaeologists who could devote part of their time and attention to such a task for the benefit of their colleagues in all parts of the world. Times since then have changed, and circumstances have become less and less favourable. To find classified labour for the compilation and editing of such a bibliography has become extremely difficult, and this the more so as this work cannot be paid in accordance with the standards for this branch of classified documentation. The work has to be done as a part of the daily routine work even a scholar in today's time is expected to perform, and which he cannot but consider as being detrimental to the performing of those parts of his work, that demand the use of those qualifications that actually make him the expert.