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The Fourth International Conference on the Structure of Surfaces provides a forum for the report of new results and less the review of the status of surface structure and the relationship between surface and interface structure and physical or chemical properties of interest. Also within the scope of the meeting are novel experimental and theoretical approaches for the determination of surface and interface structures, computer simulation of dynamic processes and new developments in instrumentation.
Structural Seismic and Civil Engineering focuses on civil engineering research, anti-seismic technology and engineering structure. These proceedings gather the most cutting-edge research and achievements, aiming to provide scholars and engineers with preferable research directions and engineering solutions as reference. Subjects in these proceedings include: Engineering Structure Materials of Civil Engineering Structural Seismic Resistance Monitoring and Testing The works in these proceedings aim to promote the development of civil engineering and earthquake engineering. Thereby, promoting scientific information interchange between scholars from top universities, research centers and high-tech enterprises working all around the world.
In Geography and GIS, surfaces can be analysed and visualised through various data structures, and topological data structures describe surfaces in the form of a relationship between certain surface-specific features. Drawn from many disciplines with a strong applied aspect, this is a research-led, interdisciplinary approach to the creation, analysis and visualisation of surfaces, focussing on topological data structures. Topological Data Structures for Surfaces: an introduction for Geographical Information Science describes the concepts and applications of these data structures. The book focuses on how these data structures can be used to analyse and visualise surface datasets from a range of disciplines such as human geography, computer graphics, metrology, and physical geography. Divided into two Parts, Part I defines the topological surface data structures and explains the various automated methods used for their generation. Part II demonstrates a number of applications of surface networks in diverse fields, ranging from sub-atomic particle collision visualisation to the study of population density patterns. To ensure that the material is accessible, each Part is prefaced by an overview of the techniques and application. Provides GI scientists and geographers with an accessible overview of current surface topology research. Algorithms are presented and explained with practical examples of their usage. Features an accompanying website developed by the Editor - http://geog.le.ac.uk/sanjayrana/surface-networks/ This book is invaluable for researchers and postgraduate students working in departments of GI Science, Geography and Computer Science. It also constitutes key reference material for Masters students working on surface analysis projects as part of a GI Science or Computer Science programme.
This book reports on topics at the interface between manufacturing and materials engineering, with a special emphasis on product design and advanced manufacturing processes, intelligent solutions for Industry 4.0, covers topics in ICT for engineering education, describes the numerical simulation and experimental studies of milling, honing, burnishing, grinding, boring, and turning, as well as the development and implementation of advanced materials. Based on the 4th International Conference on Design, Simulation, Manufacturing: The Innovation Exchange (DSMIE-2021), held on June 8-11, 2021, in Lviv, Ukraine, this first volume of a 2-volume set provides academics and professionals with extensive information on trends, technologies, challenges and practice-oriented experience in the above-mentioned areas.
Shells are basic structural elements of modern technology and everyday life. Examples of shell structures in technology include automobile bodies, water and oil tanks, pipelines, silos, wind turbine towers, and nanotubes. Nature is full of living shells such as leaves of trees, blooming flowers, seashells, cell membranes or wings of insects. In the human body arteries, the eye shell, the diaphragm, the skin and the pericardium are all shells as well. Shell Structures: Theory and Applications, Volume 4 contains 132 contributions presented at the 11th Conference on Shell Structures: Theory and Applications (Gdansk, Poland, 11-13 October 2017). The papers reflect a wide spectrum of scientific and engineering problems from theoretical modelling through strength, stability and dynamic behaviour, numerical analyses, biomechanic applications up to engineering design of shell structures. Shell Structures: Theory and Applications, Volume 4 will be of interest to academics, researchers, designers and engineers dealing with modelling and analyses of shell structures. It may also provide supplementary reading to graduate students in Civil, Mechanical, Naval and Aerospace Engineering.
This book concentrates on industrially relevant reactions which are catalyzed by heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysis by metal complexes is treated jointly with heterogeneous catalysis using metallic and non-metallic solids. In both areas the high degree of sophistication of spectroscopic techniques and theoretical modelling has led to an enormous increase in our understanding at the molecular level. This holds for the kinetics of the reactions and the reactivities of the catalysts, as well as for the syntheses of the catalytic materials. The development of catalysis science since the first edition of this book has necessitated a thorough revision, including special chapters on biocatalysis, catalyst characterization and adsorption methods. The multidisciplinary nature of catalysis is reflected in the choice of a novel combination of basic disciplines which will be refreshing and inspiring to readers.
Catalyst production for the transformation of crudes into gasoline and other fuel products is a billion dollar/year business and fluid cracking catalysts (FCCs) represent almost half of the refinery catalyst market. During the cracking reactions, the FCC surface is contaminated by metals (Ni, V, Fe, Cu, Na) and by coke deposition. As a result, the catalyst activity and product selectivity is reduced to unacceptable levels thus forcing refiners to replace part of the recirculating equilibrium FCC inventory with fresh FCC to compensate for losses in catalyst performance. About 1,100 tons/day of FCC are used worldwide in over 200 fluid cracking catalyst units (FCCUs). It is for these reasons that refiners' interest in FCC research has remained high through the years almost independantly, of crude oil prices. However, recent oil company mergers and the dissolution of research laboratories, have drastically decreased the number of researchers involved in petroleum refining research projects; as a result the emphasis of research has shifted from new materials to process improvements and this trend is clearly reflected in the type of papers contained in this volume. Modern spectroscopic techniques continue to be essential in the understanding of catalyst performance and several chapters in the book describe the use of 27Al, 29Si and 13C NMR to study variation in FCC acidity during aging and coke deposition. In addition several chapters have been dedicated to the modeling of FCC deactivation, and to the understanding of contact times on FCC performance. Refiners efforts to conform with environmental regulations are reflected in chapters dealing with sulfur removal, metals contaminants and olefin generation.
This volume contains papers and short communications presented at the 12th Canadian Symposium on Catalysis. The aim of the meeting was to present an update on new and established areas of catalysis research being performed in industry, government and university laboratories. Topics covered relate mainly to resource processing, such as heavy oil and natural gas upgrading, and to environmental issues. Approximately half the papers are included in sections on hydrogenation, carbon-carbon bond formation and environmental issues. The remaining papers cover general topics and homogeneous reactions. Examples include studies of hydroprocessing catalysts, carbon-carbon bond formation via methane oxidative coupling and dimerization of olefins, homogeneous catalysts in polymerization and dimerization reactions, performance of pillared clays, metal-oxygen cluster compounds, zeolites and catalysts prepared by metal oxide vapour synthesis. Studies that address the environmental issues include wet-air oxidation, catalytic elimination of organics, oxidation reactions and catalyst regeneration. The book provides practitioners of catalysis with an update on a wide number of topics and will be particularly useful to those interested in an overview of current catalysis research activities. Specialists in the areas of hydrogenation, carbon-carbon bond formation, homogeneous catalysis and environmental issues will also find a valuable set of new data and interesting discussions on these topics.
This volume looks at the recent progress of this technology as reported in the 21 papers presented during the 219th National Meeting of the ACS in New York, September 5-11, 2003.In addition, the volume focuses on the use of modern spectroscopic techniques for the generation of detailed structural analysis required for the advancement of the science of FCC design.Other chapters look at the use and importance of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), microcalorimetry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to the study of FCCs and discussing strategies to control pollutant emissions from a refinery FCCU and looking at advances in FCC preparation.
The organizers of this Sixth Symposium maintained their initial objectives, namely to gather experts from both industries and universities to discuss the scientific problems involved in the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts, and to encourage as much as possible the presentation of research work on catalysts of real industrial significance. Another highlight of these symposia is to reserve a substantial part of the program to new developments in catalyst preparation, new preparation methods and new catalytic systems. The fact that chemical reactions which were hardly conceivable some years ago have become possible today through the development of appropriate catalytic systems proves that catalysis is in constant progress.The papers in this volume deal with preparation of new catalysts and supports, catalyst preparation via sol-gel methods, supported catalysts and synthesis of nanometer size catalysts.