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63 3. 2 Function Level Adaptation 64 3. 3 Parameter Level Adaptation. 67 3. 4 Structure Level Adaptation 70 3. 4. 1 Neuron Generation . 70 3. 4. 2 Neuron Annihilation 72 3. 5 Implementation . . . . . 74 3. 6 An Illustrative Example 77 3. 7 Summary . . . . . . . . 79 4 Competitive Signal Clustering Networks 93 4. 1 Introduction. . 93 4. 2 Basic Structure 94 4. 3 Function Level Adaptation 96 4. 4 Parameter Level Adaptation . 101 4. 5 Structure Level Adaptation 104 4. 5. 1 Neuron Generation Process 107 4. 5. 2 Neuron Annihilation and Coalition Process 114 4. 5. 3 Structural Relation Adjustment. 116 4. 6 Implementation . . 119 4. 7 Simulation Results 122 4. 8 Summary . . . . . 134 5 Application Example: An Adaptive Neural Network Source Coder 135 5. 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . 135 5. 2 Vector Quantization Problem 136 5. 3 VQ Using Neural Network Paradigms 139 Vlll 5. 3. 1 Basic Properties . 140 5. 3. 2 Fast Codebook Search Procedure 141 5. 3. 3 Path Coding Method. . . . . . . 143 5. 3. 4 Performance Comparison . . . . 144 5. 3. 5 Adaptive SPAN Coder/Decoder 147 5. 4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 6 Conclusions 155 6. 1 Contributions 155 6. 2 Recommendations 157 A Mathematical Background 159 A. 1 Kolmogorov's Theorem . 160 A. 2 Networks with One Hidden Layer are Sufficient 161 B Fluctuated Distortion Measure 163 B. 1 Measure Construction . 163 B. 2 The Relation Between Fluctuation and Error 166 C SPAN Convergence Theory 171 C. 1 Asymptotic Value of Wi 172 C. 2 Energy Function . .
The very significant advances in computer vision and pattern recognition and their applications in the last few years reflect the strong and growing interest in the field as well as the many opportunities and challenges it offers. The second edition of this handbook represents both the latest progress and updated knowledge in this dynamic field. The applications and technological issues are particularly emphasized in this edition to reflect the wide applicability of the field in many practical problems. To keep the book in a single volume, it is not possible to retain all chapters of the first edition. However, the chapters of both editions are well written for permanent reference.
Genetic programming (GP) is a method for getting a computer to solve a problem by telling it what needs to be done instead of how to do it. Koza, Bennett, Andre, and Keane present genetically evolved solutions to dozens of problems of design, control, classification, system identification, and computational molecular biology. Among the solutions are 14 results competitive with human-produced results, including 10 rediscoveries of previously patented inventions.
Nowadays, voluminous textbooks and monographs in fuzzy logic are devoted only to separate or some combination of separate facets of fuzzy logic. There is a lack of a single book that presents a comprehensive and self-contained theory of fuzzy logic and its applications.Written by world renowned authors, Lofti Zadeh, also known as the Father of Fuzzy Logic, and Rafik Aliev, who are pioneers in fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets, this unique compendium includes all the principal facets of fuzzy logic such as logical, fuzzy-set-theoretic, epistemic and relational. Theoretical problems are prominently illustrated and illuminated by numerous carefully worked-out and thought-through examples.This invaluable volume will be a useful reference guide for academics, practitioners, graduates and undergraduates in fuzzy logic and its applications.
Clear and concise explanations to understand the learning paradigms. Chapters written by leading world experts.
Intelligent systems, or artificial intelligence technologies, are playing an increasing role in areas ranging from medicine to the major manufacturing industries to financial markets. The consequences of flawed artificial intelligence systems are equally wide ranging and can be seen, for example, in the programmed trading-driven stock market crash of October 19, 1987. Intelligent Systems: Technology and Applications, Six Volume Set connects theory with proven practical applications to provide broad, multidisciplinary coverage in a single resource. In these volumes, international experts present case-study examples of successful practical techniques and solutions for diverse applications ranging from robotic systems to speech and signal processing, database management, and manufacturing.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence held in Dortmund, Germany, as the 5th Fuzzy Days, in April 1997. Besides three invited contributions, the book presents 53 revised full papers selected from a total of 130 submissions. Also included are 35 posters documenting a broad scope of applications of computational intelligence techniques in a variety of areas. The volume addresses all current issues in computational intelligence, e.g. fuzzy logic, fuzzy control, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, genetic programming, neuro-fuzzy systems, adaptation and learning, machine learning, etc.
The book contains selected research papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems and Control (CPS&C’2021) which was held from 29 June to 2 July 2021 in St. Petersburg, Russia. The CPS&C’2021 Conference continues the series of international conferences that began in 2019 when the first International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems and Control (CPS&C’2019) took place. Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) considered a modern and rapidly emerging generation of systems with integrated wide computational, information processing, and physical capabilities that can interact with humans through many new modalities and application areas of implementation. The book covers the latest advances, developments and achievements in new theories, algorithms, models, and applications of prospective problems associated with CPSs with an emphasis on control theory and related areas. The multidisciplinary fundamental scientific and engineering principles that underpin the integration of cyber and physical elements across all application areas are discussed in the book chapters. The materials of the book may be of interest to scientists and engineers working in the field of cyber-physical systems, systems analysis, control systems, computer technologies, and similar fields.
This two-volume proceedings compiles a selection of research papers presented at the ICANN-91. The scope of the volumes is interdisciplinary, ranging from mathematics and engineering to cognitive sciences and biology. European research is well represented. Volume 1 contains all the orally presented papers, including both invited talks and submitted papers. Volume 2 contains the plenary talks and the poster presentations.
Computational intelligence is a well-established paradigm, where new theories with a sound biological understanding have been evolving. The current experimental systems have many of the characteristics of biological computers (brains in other words) and are beginning to be built to perform a variety of tasks that are difficult or impossible to do with conventional computers. As evident, the ultimate achievement in this field would be to mimic or exceed human cognitive capabilities including reasoning, recognition, creativity, emotions, understanding, learning and so on. This book comprising of 17 chapters offers a step-by-step introduction (in a chronological order) to the various modern computational intelligence tools used in practical problem solving. Staring with different search techniques including informed and uninformed search, heuristic search, minmax, alpha-beta pruning methods, evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligent techniques; the authors illustrate the design of knowledge-based systems and advanced expert systems, which incorporate uncertainty and fuzziness. Machine learning algorithms including decision trees and artificial neural networks are presented and finally the fundamentals of hybrid intelligent systems are also depicted. Academics, scientists as well as engineers engaged in research, development and application of computational intelligence techniques, machine learning and data mining would find the comprehensive coverage of this book invaluable.