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This book presents the most recent advances on testing and experimentation in civil engineering, especially in the branches of materials, structures, and buildings, complementing the authors’ publication Advances on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering - Geotechnics, Transportation, Hydraulics and Natural Resources. It includes advances in physical modelling, monitoring techniques, data acquisition and analysis, and provides an invaluable contribution to the installation of new civil engineering experimental facilities. The first part of the book covers the latest advances in the testing and experimentation of key domains of materials, such as bio-cementation and self-healing, durability, and recycled materials, as well as the new environmental requirements related to the presence of hazardous substances in construction materials. Furthermore, laboratory and in situ tests, together with equipment needed to estimate the behaviour and durability of construction materials are presented, updating the most important technological advances. The second part of the book highlights the relevance of testing and monitoring in structures, including in situ tests related to static load tests, dynamic tests, and long-term monitoring strategies, as well as laboratory tests of adhesive joints. Experimental tests on shake tables and blast-resistant structures are also described. Recent applications of drone technologies for the inspection and monitoring of civil structures are another important theme developed. Finally, in its third part, the book presents new developments in the characterisation of building testing, with the support of modelling, to assess building pathology and new requirements, acoustic comfort, fire safety, visual comfort, and energy consumption.
The work reported in this thesis addresses the problem of structure-borne sound transmission in buildings. Vibrating sources, such as services plant and domestic appliances, transmit vibro-acoustic power, causing noise complaints by occupants in rooms removed from the source room. There is not yet an accepted practical method of predicting the installed power into floors or supporting walls, and thence the resultant sound pressure in rooms. This study concentrates on the prediction of the installed power from mechanical installations in lightweight buildings composed of framed and ribbed plates. To identify the characteristics of such receiver elements, a field survey has been undertaken, which involved measurement of the point and transfer mobilities of common wall and floor structures. It is shown that the range of measured values of receiver point mobility is surprisingly small and that the constructions investigated often displayed thin plate-like characteristics, with relatively small spatial variations in point mobility. These field measurements give support to the notion of averaging over contacts. This single equivalent receiver mobility has been assembled both from measured data and from the approximate method and then used in combination with single equivalent source data, to yield an approximate prediction of the installed power. The agreement obtained between the exact and approximate values allowed consideration of a practical implementation of the approximate prediction method, based on a reception plate method which yields the activity and mobility of the tested machine as single equivalent values.
This manual provides direction for the preparation of noise and vibration sections of environmental documents for mass transportation projects. The manual has been developed in the interest of promoting quality and uniformity in assessments. It is expected to be used by people associated with or affected by the urban transit industry, including Federal Transit Administration (FTA) staff, grant applicants, consultants and the general public. Each of these groups has an interest in noise/vibration assessment, but not all have the need for all the details of the process. Consequently, this manual has been prepared to serve readers with varying levels of technical background and interests. It sets forth the basic concepts, methods and procedures for documenting the extent and severity of noise impacts from transit projects.
Sound insulation is an important aspect of building performance. This book is a comprehensive guide to sound and vibration theory and its application to the measurement and prediction of sound insulation in buildings. It enables the reader to tackle a wide range of issues relating to sound insulation during the design and construction stages of a building, and to solve problems in existing buildings. The book has been written for engineers, consultants, building designers, students in acoustics, researchers and those involved in the manufacture and design of building products. Key aspects are that it: * Explains the fundamental theory using examples that show its direct application to buildings * Guides the reader through the links between measurement and theory * Explains concepts that are important for the application, interpretation and understanding of guidance documents, test reports, product data sheets, published papers, regulations and Standards * Makes direct reference to ISO and EN Standards on sound insulation * Contains a large number of illustrations showing measurements, predictions and example calculations for quick reference Carl Hopkins previously worked on building acoustics and environmental noise at the Building Research Establishment. During this time he was involved with sound insulation in research, consultancy, standardization, and building regulations as well as being an advisor on acoustics to government departments. He is currently a Senior Lecturer at the University of Liverpool within the Acoustics Research Unit of the School of Architecture.
The practical, clear, and concise guide for conducting experimental modal tests Modal Testing: A Practitioner's Guide outlines the basic information necessary to conduct an experimental modal test. The text draws on the author’s extensive experience to cover the practical side of the concerns that may arise when performing an experimental modal test. Taking a hands-on approach, the book explores the issues related to conducting a test from start to finish. It covers the cornerstones of the basic information needed and summarizes all the pertinent theory related to experimental modal testing. Designed to be accessible, Modal Testing presents the most common excitation techniques used for modal testing today and is filled with illustrative examples related to impact testing which is the most widely used excitation technique for traditional experimental modal tests. This practical text is not about developing the details of the theory but rather applying the theory to solve real-life problems, and: • Delivers easy to understand explanations of complicated theoretical concepts • Presents basic steps of an experimental modal test • Offers simple explanations of methods to obtain good measurements and avoid the common blunders typically found in many test approaches • Focuses on the issues to be faced when performing an experimental modal test • Contains full-color format that enhances the clarity of the figures and presentations Modal Testing: A Practitioner's Guide is a groundbreaking reference that treats modal testing at the level of the practicing engineer or a new entrant to the field of experimental dynamic testing.
Since structure-borne sound plays an important role in noise control, material testing and machine diagnosis, the relevant properties of the most important elements of a construction (plates, beams and shells) are investigated. Measurement techniques, equations of motion, formulas for wave speeds, resonance frequencies, impedances, transmission coefficients etc. are given. The different damping mechanisms and the radiation properties are treated. The statistical energy analysis (SEA) is also presented. This new edition has been enlarged to include also waves on orthotropic plates, and the vibration and radiation of cylindrical shells.
Building or architectural acoustics is taken in this book to cover all aspects of sound and vibration in buildings. The book covers room acoustics but the main emphasis is on sound insulation and sound absorption and the basic aspects of noise and vibration problems connected to service equipment and external sources. Covering all aspects of sound and vibration in buildings, this book explores room acoustics, sound insulation, and noise and vibration problems connected to service equipment and external sources.
Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2nd International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures (SHATIS 13), September 4-6, 2013, Trento, Italy