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String theory, sometimes called the ``Theory of Everything'', has the potential to provide answers to key questions involving quantum gravity, black holes, supersymmetry, cosmology, singularities and the symmetries of nature. This multi-authored book summarizes the latest results across all areas of string theory from the perspective of world-renowned experts, including Michael Green, David Gross, Stephen Hawking, John Schwarz, Edward Witten and others. The book comes out of the``Strings 2001'' conference, organized by the Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (Mumbai, India), the Abdus Salam ICTP (Trieste, Italy), and the Clay Mathematics Institute (Cambridge, MA, USA). Individual articles discuss the study of D-branes, black holes, string dualities, compactifications,Calabi-Yau manifolds, conformal field theory, noncommutative field theory, string field theory, and string phenomenology. Numerous references provide a path to previous findings and results. Written for physicists and mathematicians interested in string theory, the volume is a useful resource for any graduate student or researcher working in string theory, quantum field theory, or related areas.
Contains selection of expository and research article by lecturers at the school. Highlights current interests of researchers working at the interface between string theory and algebraic supergravity, supersymmetry, D-branes, the McKay correspondence andFourer-Mukai transform.
The contributions to this volume of the famous summer school in Les Houches cover the recent developments in supersymmetric string theory, the gauge theory/string theory correspondence and string duality. The book is a comprehensive introduction to the recent developments in string/M-theory and quantum gravity.
La théorie de la gravitation d'Einstein ("relativité générale") est un des piliers de la physique moderne. Cette théorie a connu des développements spectaculaires ces dernières années, aussi bien sur le plan expérimental que sur le plan théorique. En particulier, la théorie des cordes, née il y a une quinzaine d'années, offre des perspectives remarquables d'unification de la force gravitationnelle aux autres forces fondamentales - réalisant ainsi un des vieux rêves d'Einstein. Cet ouvrage rassemble les contributions des experts mondiaux du domaine ayant participé au colloque Francqui qui s'est tenu sur ce thème à Bruxelles du 19 au 21 octobre 2001. Einstein theory of gravity is one of the pillars of modern physics. In the last years, this theory has undergone dramatic developments, both on the experimental and theoretical sides. In particular, string theory, which started in the last quarter of the XXth century, offers remarkable prospects to unify all the fundamental interactions - realizing thereby one of the Einstein's dreams. This book contains the contributions of the world leaders in the field who took part in the "Francqui conference" held on this theme in Brussels in October 2001.
The research and development of pattern recognition have proven to be of importance in science, technology, and human activity. Many useful concepts and tools from different disciplines have been employed in pattern recognition. Among them is string matching, which receives much theoretical and practical attention. String matching is also an important topic in combinatorial optimization. This book is devoted to recent advances in pattern recognition and string matching. It consists of twenty eight chapters written by different authors, addressing a broad range of topics such as those from classifica tion, matching, mining, feature selection, and applications. Each chapter is self-contained, and presents either novel methodological approaches or applications of existing theories and techniques. The aim, intent, and motivation for publishing this book is to pro vide a reference tool for the increasing number of readers who depend upon pattern recognition or string matching in some way. This includes students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, statistics, and electrical engineering. We wish to thank all the authors for their valuable efforts, which made this book a reality. Thanks also go to all reviewers who gave generously of their time and expertise.
This book covers some recent advances in string theory and extra dimensions. Intended mainly for advanced graduate students in theoretical physics, it presents a rare combination of formal and phenomenological topics, based on the annual lectures given at the School of the Theoretical Advanced Study Institute (2001) — a traditional event that brings together graduate students in high energy physics for an intensive course of advanced learning. The lecturers in the School are leaders in their fields.The first lecture, by E D'Hoker and D Freedman, is a systematic introduction to the gauge-gravity correspondence, focusing in particular on correlation functions in the conformal case. The second, by L Dolan, provides an introduction to perturbative string theory, including recent advances on backgrounds involving Ramond-Ramond fluxes. The third, by S Gubser, explains some of the basic facts about special holonomy and its uses in string theory and M-theory. The fourth, by J Hewett, surveys the TeV phenomenology of theories with large extra dimensions. The fifth, by G Kane, presents the case for supersymmetry at the weak scale and some of its likely experimental consequences. The sixth, by A Liddle, surveys recent developments in cosmology, particularly with regard to recent measurements of the CMB and constraints on inflation. The seventh, by B Ovrut, presents the basic features of heterotic M-theory, including constructions that contain the Standard Model. The eighth, by K Rajagopal, explains the recent advances in understanding QCD at low temperatures and high densities in terms of color superconductivity. The ninth, by M Sher, summarizes grand unified theories and baryogenesis, including discussions of supersymmetry breaking and the Standard Model Higgs mechanism. The tenth, by M Spiropulu, describes collider physics, from a survey of current and future machines to examples of data analyses relevant to theories beyond the Standard Model. The eleventh, by M Strassler, is an introduction to supersymmetric gauge theory, focusing on Wilsonian renormalization and analogies between three- and four-dimensional theories. The twelfth, by W Taylor and B Zwiebach, introduces string field theory and discusses recent advances in understanding open string tachyon condensation. The thirteenth, by D Waldram, discusses explicit model building in heterotic M-theory, emphasizing the role of the E8 gauge fields.The written presentation of these lectures is detailed yet straightforward, and they will be of use to both students and experienced researchers in high-energy theoretical physics for years to come.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences
Many of the topics in this book are outgrowths of the spectacular new understanding of duality in string theory which emerged around 1995. They include the AdS/CFT correspondence and its relation to holography, the matrix theory formulation of M theory, the structure of black holes in string theory, the structure of D-branes and M-branes, and detailed development of dualities with N = 1 and N = 2 supersymmetry. In addition, there are lectures covering experimental and phenomenological aspects of the Standard Model and its extensions, and discussions on cosmology including both theoretical aspects and the exciting new experimental evidence for a non-zero cosmological constant. Contents: TASI Lectures on Branes, Black Holes and Anti-De Sitter Space (M J Duff); D-Brane Primer (C V Johnson); TASI Lectures on Black Holes in String Theory (A W Peet); TASI Lectures: Cosmology for String Theorists (S M Carroll); TASI Lectures on Matrix Theory (T Banks); TASI Lectures on M Theory Phenomenology (M Dine); TASI Lectures: Introduction to the AdS/CFT Correspondence (I R Klebanov); TASI Lectures on Compactification and Duality (D R Morrison); Compactification, Geometry and Duality: N =2 (P S Aspinwall); TASI Lectures on Non-BPS D-Brane Systems (J H Schwarz); Lectures on Warped Compactifications and Stringy Brane Constructions (S Kachru); TASI Lectures on the Holographic Principle (D Bigatti & L Susskind). Readership: Graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and researchers in high energy physics.
This book provides an introduction to some of the most recent developments in string theory, and in particular to their mathematical implications and their impact in knot theory and algebraic geometry.
This book aims to help you get started with handling strings in R. It provides an overview of several resources that you can use for string manipulation. It covers useful functions in packages "base" and "stringr", printing and formatting characters, regular expressions, and other tricks.