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Structural analysis is the corner stone of civil engineering and all students must obtain a thorough understanding of the techniques available to analyse and predict stress in any structure. The new edition of this popular textbook provides the student with a comprehensive introduction to all types of structural and stress analysis, starting from an explanation of the basic principles of statics, normal and shear force and bending moments and torsion. Building on the success of the first edition, new material on structural dynamics and finite element method has been included.Virtually no prior knowledge of structures is assumed and students requiring an accessible and comprehensive insight into stress analysis will find no better book available. - Provides a comprehensive overview of the subject providing an invaluable resource to undergraduate civil engineers and others new to the subject - Includes numerous worked examples and problems to aide in the learning process and develop knowledge and skills - Ideal for classroom and training course usage providing relevant pedagogy
17 2 STRESS FIELDS FOR SIMPLE STRUCTURES 2. 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter the behavior and strength of simple structures made of rein forced or prestressed concrete is investigated with the aid of stress fields. In particular, the webs and flanges of beams, simple walls, brackets, bracing beams and joints of frames are investigated. By this means, the majority of design cases are already covered. In reality, all structural components are three-dimensional. Here, however, components are considered either directly as two-dimensional plate elements (i. e. the plane stress condition with no variation of stress over the thickness of the element) or they are subdivided into several plates. Since two-dimensional structural elements are statically redundant, it is pOSSible for a particular loading to be in equilibrium with many (theoretically an infinite number of) stress states. If the lower bound method of the theory of plasticity is employed, then an admissible stress field or any combination of such stress fields may be selected. In chapter 4 it is shown that this method is suitable for the design of reinforced concrete structures, and the consequence of the choice of the final structural system on the structural behavior is dealt with in detail. The first cases of the use of this method date back to Ritter [6] and Morsch [4], who already at the beginning of the century investigated the resultants of the internal stresses by means of truss models.
Analysis of Welded Structures: Residual Stresses, Distortion, and their Consequences encompasses several topics related to design and fabrication of welded structures, particularly residual stresses and distortion, as well as their consequences. This book first introduces the subject by presenting the advantages and disadvantages of welded structures, as well as the historical overview of the topic and predicted trends. Then, this text considers residual stresses, heat flow, distortion, fracture toughness, and brittle and fatigue fractures of weldments. This selection concludes by discussing the effects of distortion and residual stresses on buckling strength of welded structures and effects of weld defects on service behavior. This book also provides supplementary discussions on some related and selected subjects. This text will be invaluable to metallurgists, welders, and students of metallurgy and welding.
Concrete structures must be designed both to be safe against failure and to perform satisfactorily in use. This book is written for practising engineers, students and designers and concentrates on design methods for checking the main serviceability requirements of control of deflections and cracking in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures.
The tools engineers need for effective thermal stress design Thermal stress concerns arise in many engineering situations, from aerospace structures to nuclear fuel rods to concrete highway slabs on a hot summer day. Having the tools to understand and alleviate these potential stresses is key for engineers in effectively executing a wide range of modern design tasks. Design for Thermal Stresses provides an accessible and balanced resource geared towards real-world applications. Presenting both the analysis and synthesis needed for accurate design, the book emphasizes key principles, techniques, and approaches for solving thermal stress problems. Moving from basic to advanced topics, chapters cover: Bars, beams, and trusses from a "strength of materials" perspective Plates, shells, and thick-walled vessels from a "theory of elasticity" perspective Thermal buckling in columns, beams, plates, and shells Written for students and working engineers, this book features numerous sample problems demonstrating concepts at work. In addition, appendices include important SI units, relevant material properties, and mathematical functions such as Bessel and Kelvin functions, as well as characteristics of matrices and determinants required for designing plates and shells. Suitable as either a working reference or an upper-level academic text, Design for Thermal Stresses gives students and professional engineers the information they need to meet today's thermal stress design challenges.
In the last few decades, much research work was conducted to improve ship structure analysis and design. Most of the efforts were directed to improve the strength of hull girder and to use the method of finite element analysis more efficiently and effectively. Because of the high degree of complexity of ship structures the interaction between hull girder strength and local strength require special attention. The complex system of stresses could produce unacceptable deformations and high values of equivalent stresses. This book covers an area of ship structure analysis and design that has not been exhaustively covered by other books on ship structures in a simple form. It presents the basic concepts of the methods and procedures required to calculate torsion and shear stresses in ship structures. Moreover, it is enhanced with a set of some solved and unsolved problems, very useful for students of naval and marine engineering.
The mechanics of structures with initial stresses is a traditional part of structural mechanics. It is closely related to the important problem of stability of structures. The basic concepts of elastic stability of structures go back to works by Euler (1759) and Bryan (1889). Later, it was found that the problem of deformation of solids with initial stresses is related to variational principles and nonlinear problems in elasticity; see Trefftz (1933), Marguerre (1938), Prager (1947), Hill (1958), Washuzu (1982). Historical detail up to the 1940s can be found in the book by Timoshenko (1953). Observing the basic concepts of the traditional mechanics of stressed structures, we agree that these are suitable for uniform structural elements (plates, beams, and so on) made of homogeneous materials, but not for complex structures (such as a network plate or a lattice mast) or structures made of composite materials (such as fiber reinforced or textile materials). Many concepts of the classical theory, such as a cross section or neutral plane (axis), correspond to no mechanical objects if we consider an inhomogeneous structure. As a result, we come to the conclusion that it would be useful to have a theory of thin inhomogeneous structures developed on the basis of 3-D elasticity theory with no simplifying assumptions (with no a priori hypothesis).
Concrete structures must be designed not only to be safe against failure but also to perform satisfactorily in use. This book is written for practising engineers and students, and focuses on design methods for checking deflections and cracking which can affect the serviceability of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. The authors present accurate and easy-to-apply methods of analysing immediate and long-term stresses and deformations. These methods allow designers to account for variations of concrete properties from project to project and from country to country, making the book universally applicable. Comprehensively updated, this third edition of Concrete Structures also includes four new chapters covering such topics as: non-linear analysis of plane frames, design for serviceability of prestressed concrete, serviceability of members reinforced with fibre polymer bars, and the analysis of time-dependent internal forces with linear computer programs that are routinely used by structural designers. A website accompanies the book, featuring three design calculation programs related to stresses in cracked sections, creep coefficients and time-dependent analysis. The book contains numerous examples, some of which are worked out in the SI units and others in the Imperial units. The input data and the main results are given in both SI and Imperial units. The book is not tied to any specific code, although the latest American and European codes of practice are covered in the appendices.