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Despite a proliferation of special education literature on racial minorities over the past three decades, research and writing on Arab American children with disabilities remain remarkably sparse. This book fills that gap by promoting culturally appropriate services for Arab American children with disabilities. Special education and service providers in the U.S.—including school psychologists, rehabilitation counselors, and social workers—are increasingly likely to work with Arab Americans with disabilities. By focusing on this marginalized minority population, Al Khatib provides much-needed context and direction for service providers and researchers working with the Arab American community. Offering an overview of special education and the rights guaranteed under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), this book also helps Arab American families understand the special education process and advocate for their children.
The biopsychosocial study of Arab Americans yields compelling insights into innovative theoretical and applied initiatives. In the context of a growing population of Arab Americans, coupled with the current tenure of xenophobia and exposed structural racism in the US, clinical and community practitioners must be attuned to their clients of Arab ancestry, whose experiences, development, and health concerns are distinctly different than that of their White counterparts. This second edition, with its uniquely interwoven sections of culture, psychosocial development, and health and disease, provides a rich overview of timely, critical topics. The audience for the text includes counselors, social workers, psychologists, nurses, psychiatrists, sociologists, and any other public and mental health practitioners, researchers, and policy makers who work with and on behalf of clients and patients of Arab descent. The authors represent a team of leading experts spanning disciplines of sociology, clinical mental health, and community public health. "This edition draws on leading experts in Arab American health and sociology who document the complexity of this population's immigration and acculturation experience. It offers critical and current research that speaks to the centrality of context and diversity in treating Americans of Arab descent. Contributors explore the complex and limited racial framework within which Arabs in the U.S. form their identities, and the impact of structural racism on their lives and health. This collection offers practitioners much needed insights on a population often hidden or rendered invisible by data limitations, and yet misrepresented by cultural stereotypes." Helen Hatab Samhan, Former Executive Director, Arab American Institute/Foundation. "Nassar, Ajrouch, Hakim-Larson, and Dallo’s breakthrough work in the area of culturally competent health care has been inspiring across interdisciplinary fields and to the communities they serve. Their work on Arab American health issues, in particular, has greatly improved clinical practice at the community and national levels. I heartily recommend taking the time to become familiar with their important body of work and this latest text." Ismael Ahmed, Former Michigan State Director of Health and Human Services.
Persons of Arab (North African/ Middle Eastern) descent have faced unique psychosocial stressors due to the socio-political backlash following the World Trade Center attacks. These are compounded by traditional acculturation challenges, leading to increased psychological distress. This study satisfies an urgent need to better understand the acculturation and mental health experiences of Arab Americans by comprehensively and rigorously investigating hypotheses introduced in the previous literature. Participants were 611 Arab Americans from 35 U.S. states who completed a secure Internet form. Variables assessed were: acculturation (Vancouver Index of Acculturation- Modified Arab Version), acculturative stress (SAFE Acculturation Stress Scale- Revised; included issues of discrimination and American foreign policy), family functioning (Family Assessment Device- General Functioning Subscale), social support (Personal Resource Questionnaire85- Revised), religious coping (Brief Arab Religious Coping Scale), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies- Depression Scale), and a socio-demographics survey. Seven research foci were examined. First, 13 socio-demographic indexes hypothesized to relate to acculturation (including SES, generation status, length of residence in the U.S., English vs. Arabic language use, and Arabic TV viewing) were found to relate to American identity in the expected directions, while most indexes did not relate to Arab identity. Second, participants reported significantly higher anxiety and depression compared to normative samples and studies with other ethnic minority groups. Third, as hypothesized, integrated and assimilated individuals reported less stress, anxiety, and depression compared to those who were separated or marginalized. Fourth, as hypothesized, acculturation stress correlated with anxiety and depression, and both family functioning and social support related to less stress and less psychological distress. However, religious coping did not correlate with mental health. Fifth, contrary to the hypotheses, females did not demonstrate greater stress or psychological distress compared to males. Consistent with hypotheses, Christians demonstrated significantly less acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression compared to Muslims. Finally, structural equation modeling was used to develop a tenable model that explained the complex interactions among SES, acculturation, stress, mental health, and coping resources. Specific and practical recommendations are provided for clinical intervention, community programming and policy planning, and future research.
The Handbook of Arab American Psychology is the first major publication to comprehensively discuss the Arab American ethnic group from a lens that is primarily psychological. This edited book contains a comprehensive review of the cutting-edge research related to Arab Americans and offers a critical analysis regarding the methodologies and applications of the scholarly literature. It is a landmark text for both multicultural psychology as well as for Arab American scholarship. Considering the post 9/11 socio-political context in which Arab Americans are under ongoing scrutiny and attention, as well as numerous misunderstandings and biases against this group, this text is timely and essential. Chapters in the Handbook of Arab American Psychology highlight the most substantial areas of psychological research with this population, relevant to diverse sub-disciplines including cultural, social, developmental, counseling/clinical, health, and community psychologies. Chapters also include content that intersect with related fields such as sociology, American studies, cultural/ethnic studies, social work, and public health. The chapters are written by distinguished scholars who merge their expertise with a review of the empirical data in order to provide the most updated presentation of scholarship about this population. The Handbook of Arab American Psychology offers a noteworthy contribution to the field of multicultural psychology and joins references on other racial/ethnic minority groups, including Handbook of African American Psychology, Handbook of Asian American Psychology, Handbook of U.S. Latino Psychology, and The Handbook of Chicana/o Psychology and Mental Health.
This book examines the implications of discrimination in Arab American youth with a focus on K-12 school systems. It begins with an introduction to Arab American youth and their experiences in the education system. The book follows with an overview regarding historical contributions of discrimination and the history of discrimination against Arabs in America, including the education system. It then presents relevant theoretical perspectives regarding discrimination and developmental processes. The book examines research specific to Arab American youth, identifies research limitations, and provides strategies on how to strengthen methodological approaches to better inform research, practice, and policy. It concludes by offering strategies for improving educational practice and policy and recommendations for interventions designed to enhance developmental health of Arab American youth in schools. Key areas of coverage include: Arab American youth, development, and discrimination in America. Discrimination in the K-12 educational system. Self-concept, ethnic identity, well-being and discrimination among Arab American youth. Arab American Youth is an essential resource for practitioners, researchers, educators, and related professionals as well as graduate students in school psychology, educational psychology, education, and related disciplines. ______________________________________________________________________ Dr. Tabbah has written a book that is well overdue ... she provides a blueprint for moving forward in education as well as in policy development that can be transformative for Arab-American youth. Antoinette Miranda, Professor of School Psychology, The Ohio State University This book is a valuable contribution given the nascent literature on the experiences of Arab youth and the significant impact of discrimination on their schooling. Desiree Vega, Associate Professor of School Psychology, University of Arizona
With the high prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among the younger generation, there is a shortage of adequate resources to deliver care for these individuals. Therefore, social media and online forums help create a sense of community and a sense of social network, where members provide support for each other. Assessing Social Support and Stress in Autism-Focused Virtual Communities: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a critical reference volume featuring the latest academic research on online communities and how using social media can provide stress relief for families and individuals diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Including coverage among a variety of applicable viewpoints and subjects such as social media concepts, stress relief, and healthcare communities, this book is ideally designed for academics and practitioners as well as healthcare professionals, researchers, students, academics, and practitioners looking for innovative research on autism spectrum disorders.
This causal-comparative study explores the acculturation and its affects on the psychodynamics of first generation Arab-American Muslim women born and raised in the United States. Torn between the Old World customs of their parents and modern American traditions, first generation Arab-American Muslim women face a major identity challenge in trying to balance their two worlds. Developmental psychologist E.H. Erikson (1970) proposed a theory of psychosocial development based on six basic concepts: stages of development, developmental task, psychosocial crisis, the central process for resolving the psychosocial crisis, the radius of significant relationship and coping behaviors. Coupled with Erikson s theory is Young Yun Kim s theory of acculturation (1977), which posits that acculturation is a phenomenon when immigrants eventually come to understand the norms and values of their host society, and that media of the host society provided a catalyst for the acculturation process. Suinn, Rickard-Figueroa, Lew, & Vigil (1987) developed the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (SL-ASIA), with 26 questions designed to measure acculturation level. The author adjusted the SL-ASIA to a more Arab focused version of the scale, called the ASL-ASIA. A pilot study was conducted to insure reliability and validity. The Arab Focused Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (ASLASIA) was used to measure the levels of acculturation of immigrant Arab Muslim mothers and the acculturation levels of their first generation Arab-American Muslim daughters. A second tool used was the Mother-Adult Daughter (MAD) Questionnaire. Developed by Rastogi (1995), the twenty-five question MAD measures the adult daughter s perception of connectedness, interdependence, and trust in hierarchy in her relationship with her mother. The last instrument used in this study was the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI). Created by Main et al. (1984) the AAI is used to assess the attachment related issues of the mother s parenting styles. The AAI is a structured, hour-long, semi-clinical interview focusing on early experiences and their effects. Several studies have shown that a mother s attachment level affects the attachment level of her daughter. Therefore, this study focuses on the question: Does the level of acculturation of an immigrant Arab Muslim mother compare with the level of acculturation of her first generation Arab-American Muslim daughter? The research design of this study was based on an extensive literature review on the topics of Erikson s psychosocial theory (1970), Kim s acculturation theory (1977), Arab Muslim cultural perspective, and Islamic texts. The premise of this study was that Arab Muslim mothers levels of acculturation will affect the levels of acculturation of their first generation Arab-American Muslim daughters. It was also expected that the level of maternal cultural identification would affect the acculturation level of the first generation Arab-American Muslim daughter. Finally, it is anticipated that the first generation Arab-American Muslim daughter s level of acculturation would affect her attachment level to her immigrant Arab Muslim mother. Findings appeared to support the hypothesis that the level of acculturation of the immigrant Arab Muslim mother is positively correlated with the level of acculturation of her first generation Arab-American Muslim daughter. A second hypothesis that the level of maternal cultural identification would affect the acculturation level of her first generation Arab-American Muslim daughter was not supported. Also, results did not support the third hypothesis that the acculturation level of first generation Arab-American Muslim daughters would affect her attachment level with her immigrant Arab Muslim mother. The aim of future research is to aide therapists in becoming more culturally sensitive to their patients as well as to gain deeper understanding of the affects of acculturation. I
A gap exists in the literature regarding the needs, concerns, and overall experiences of Arab American parents of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Al Khatib, 2017; Goforth, 2011; Haboush, 2007). This study explored the experiences of five Arab American mothers of children with ASD. A qualitative interview approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, was used in order to investigate Arab American parents experiences of caring for children with ASD, their cultural beliefs and understandings of their childrens ASD, and their concerns and needs regarding their children. Six themes emerged from the interview data, which offered insight into Arab American parents unique experiences of caring for a child with ASD, including (1) parents journeys toward the acceptance of the diagnosis of ASD, (2) beliefs about the cause of autism, (3) concerns, (4) needs, (5) coping techniques, and (6) unanticipated positive effects. Findings of this study and aspects related to Arab cultural beliefs with the ASD diagnostic process are discussed in detail, as well as implications of the findings for the field of special education and recommendation for future research.