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As kinship relationships and support networks across family lines weaken with modernization, economic stressors take a great toll on children. Kenya, like some other nations in Africa and around the globe, has witnessed a rapid rise in street children. The street children in Nairobi come from single parent families which are mostly headed by women. Another group are AIDS orphans. This study documents how street children in Nairobi follow survival strategies including (for boys) collecting garbage, and (for girls), prostitution. Gender is emphasized throughout the book. Although impoverished families are the most likely to produce street children, not all poor families have their children on the streets. The problem of street children is a complex one that calls for a comprehensive and coordinated policy and program for intervention at all levels and in all sectors of society. Alleviating poverty and rebuilding the family institution should be among the first steps in addressing the problem.
This book deals with street children who live in the developing world, and homeless youth who are from the developed world. They are referred to as children in street situations (CSS) to show that the problem is both in the children and in the situation they face. The book examines several aspects of the children and their street situations, including the families of origin and the homes they leave, the children’s social life, and mental health. Other aspects are the problems of published demographics, the construction of public opinion about these children and the, often violent, reactions from authorities. The book then discusses current research on children in street situations, as well as programs and policies. The book ends with recommendations about programs, policies and research.
Examining the degree to which Kenyan children are still communally raised, this book presents findings from a national collaborative study considering the impacts of rapid social, economic, and cultural change on child-rearing and early education in Kenya. The narratives of over 460 parents, grandparents, preschool teachers, children, and community leaders provide unique insights on the impacts of neo-colonial policies, "development" practices, and national austerity measures on everyday lives of families. A unique aspect of this book is that it "decolonizes" research through sustained collaboration on all aspects of the study, from design and interview protocol development, to data collection and analysis, through dissemination. This book becomes, then, an invaluable model, for how to do thoughtful, collaborative, comparative research.
This comprehensive reference analyzes psychological and anthropological studies concerning child and adolescent development across cultures, digging into often-forgotten topics like street children, child soldiers, and parenting in war-torn countries. Traditionally, research on child and adolescent development has focused on American youth, inadvertently neglecting 96 percent of the world's children. This all-encompassing volume introduces global perspectives on young people across the globe, focusing on such topics as parenting and childcare, gender roles, violence against girls, adolescence in poor and rich countries, and developmental psychopathology across cultures. Recently updated, the second edition includes the latest findings in the field, additional content, and new photos and charts. With contributions from leading psychological and anthropological scholars, chapters address worldwide changes in children's lives, parent-child relationships, sibling relationships, immigrant children and their families, and adolescents in both industrialized and developing nations. A special section discusses children living in difficult circumstances, including street children, child soldiers, global nomads, and children suffering from various internalizing and externalizing disorders. This book is the perfect introduction to the latest trends in developmental psychology.
Governments have traditionally left the plight of street children and working children, who by some counts number over 100 million, to individuals and nongovernmental organizations, including many religious organizations. As a result, there are a multitude of small, uncoordinated, but highly effective projects throughout the world concentrated in urban areas. The 18 case studies presented illustrate the work carried out by these organizations and demonstrate how rehabilitation can be conducted working with and for children. Part 1, "Reinsertion through Education," looks at seven projects characterized by efforts to ensure the reinsertion of street and working children into their families or mainframe society through education. The four projects in part 2 rely on work rather than education in their efforts. Part 3 describes three projects that concentrate on improving the situation of children by teaching them to use the street environment and by capitalizing on their experiences and practical intelligence. Part 4 concentrates on the administration of projects for street children. The case studies are presented without commentary to form a collection of results and ideas to stimulate imagination and interest, particularly among those responsible for government policies. Valid solutions will come only from strong governmental commitment. (SLD)
This is a book that students and professionals from different disciplines and backgrounds, including from academia, international organisations, non-governmental organisations, the medical community, governments, etc., will find to be a valuable resource in their quest to learn more about an area of study that has long been neglected. 2 Volume set.
​ This book describes the concept of child victimization in all its facets. Millions of young people throughout the world face violence, sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and exploitation on a daily basis. The worldwide victimization of young people can be prevented, or, at least, its incidence can be greatly reduced, if purposeful action is taken to do so. This volume researches and documents some of the ways in which young people throughout the world are victimized, and suggests strategies for preventing various forms of child vistimization. Eight distinct forms of victimization are identified and analyzed in detail. Included are discussions on child prostitution and pornography, economic exploitation through child labor and trafficking, physical and other abuse inflicted on young people in schools and other institutions, the use of children as armed combatants, and the denial of the basic needs and rights of children to such things as home and to education. In each chapter the authors discuss the nature of the victimization, its global dimensions and prevalence, and the measures governments and/or others are taking, or failing to take, to combat the harm based on the concept that youth victimization is a form of government crime.