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The high cross-section for the production of b quarks at the Tevatron hadron collider make it an ideal place to search for rare B meson species and very low branching fraction decay modes of the more common B mesons. This paper reports the recent discovery of the Bc meson by the CDF collaboration. It also discusses the observation of rare B meson final states involving?(2S) mesons and searches for ultra-rare decays such as B 2!??−
This book is dedicated to Lev Okun, who passed away in November 2015. He was a true pioneer in probing fundamental dynamics.The book has two objectives. First is to showcase Okun's impact for decades since 1963, when he published his remarkable book Weak Interaction of Elementary Particles. Second is to present the current progress of our scientific community in the studies of our Universe. New directions and possible future developments are discussed, often using the past as a guide. The authors mostly focus on CP asymmetries in the transitions of hadrons and leptons, but they also discuss their rare decays, and talk about axions and supersymmetry, and possible connections with dark matter, extra dimensions, baryogenesis and multiverse.This book is suitable for readers who know quantum mechanics and quantum field theories in general.
In this thesis we will discuss several properties of rare decays of ' B' mesons. First we discuss properties of the inclusive radiative decay 'B¢' [right arrow] 'Xs'ã, where 'Xs' stands for any hadronic state containing an 's' quark. We extend previous studies of this decay, which included perturbative corrections to order Ã's' and nonperturbative contributions up to order ([Lambda]QCD/' mb')2 and calculate the O ([Lambda]QCD/'mb')3 contributions to this decay. The values of the nonperturbative parameters entering at this order are unknown, leading to uncertainties in the standard model prediction of this decay. We estimate the size of these nonperturbative uncertainties by varying these parameters in the range suggested by dimensional analysis. We also estimate uncertainties arising from a cut on the photon energy which is required experimentally. Another decay mode investigated is 'B¢' [right arrow] ' Xs'3⁄4+3⁄4-. We study the O ([Lambda]QCD/'mb')3 contributions to the leptonic invariant mass spectrum, the forward-backward asymmetry and hadronic invariant mass moments and estimate the resulting uncertainties. We calculate how the size of these uncertainties depend on the value of an experimental cut that has to be applied to eliminate the large background from other 'B' decays. A model independent way to determinate the CKM matrix element @' Vub'@ from the dilepton invariant mass spectrum of the inclusive decay B[right arrow]Xu3⁄4+ n is presented next. We show that cuts required to eliminate the charm background still allow for a theoretically clean way to determine the CKM matrix element @'Vub'@. We also discuss the utility of the 'B¢' [right arrow] 'Xs'3⁄4 +3⁄4- decay rate above the y (2'S') resonance to reduce the resulting uncertainties. Finally, we introduce a novel effective theory valid for highly energetic particles. In decays where the phase space is sufficiently restricted such that final state particles have very high energies compared to their mass, the perturbative as well as nonperturbative series diverge. The effective theory presented allows to sum perturbative Sudakov logarithms in a framework that also incorporates the nonperturbative physics in such limits of phase space.
Rare charmless hadronic B decays are particularly interesting because of their importance in understanding the CP violation, which is essential to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our universe, and of their roles in testing the ''effective'' theory of B physics. The study has been done with the BABAR experiment, which is mainly designed for the study of CP violation in the decays of neutral B mesons, and secondarily for rare processes that become accessible with the high luminosity of the PEP-II B Factory. In a sample of 89 million produced B{bar B} pairs on the BABAR experiment, we observed the decays B{sup 0} {yields} {omega}K{sup 0} and B{sup +} {yields} {omega}{rho}{sup +} for the first time, made more precise measurements for B{sup +} {yields} {omega}h{sup +} and reported tighter upper limits for B {yields} {omega}K* and B{sup 0} {yields} {omega}{rho}{sup 0}.
This 2nd edition is an extensive update of "B Decays?. The revisions are necessary because of the extensive amount of new data and new theoretical ideas. This book reviews what is known about b-quark decays and also looks at what can be learned in the future.The importance of this research area is increasing, as evidenced by the approval of the luminosity upgrade for CESR and the asymmetric B factories at SLAC and KEK, and the possibility of experiments at hadron colliders.The key experimental observations made thus far, measurement of the lifetimes of the different B species, B0-B0 mixing, the discovery of ?Penguin? mediated decays, and the extraction of the CKM matrix elements Vub and Vcb from semileptonic decays, as well as more mundane results, are described in great detail by the experimentalists who have been closely involved with making the measurements. Theoretical progress in understanding b-quark decays using HQET and lattice gauge techniques are described by theorists who have developed and used these techniques.Synthesizing the experimental and theoretical information, several articles discuss the implications for the ?Standard Model? and how further tests can be done using measurements of CP violation in the B system.