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The classical exponential polynomials, today commonly named after E.,T. Bell, have a wide range of remarkable applications in Combinatorics, Algebra, Analysis, and Mathematical Physics. Within the algebraic framework presented in this book they appear as structural coefficients in finite expansions of certain higher-order derivative operators. In this way, a correspondence between polynomials and functions is established, which leads (via compositional inversion) to the specification and the effective computation of orthogonal companions of the Bell polynomials. Together with the latter, one obtains the larger class of multivariate `Stirling polynomials'. Their fundamental recurrences and inverse relations are examined in detail and shown to be directly related to corresponding identities for the Stirling numbers. The following topics are also covered: polynomial families that can be represented by Bell polynomials; inversion formulas, in particular of Schlömilch-Schläfli type; applications to binomial sequences; new aspects of the Lagrange inversion, and, as a highlight, reciprocity laws, which unite a polynomial family and that of orthogonal companions. Besides a Mathematica(R) package and an extensive bibliography, additional material is compiled in a number of notes and supplements.
Commutation Relations, Normal Ordering, and Stirling Numbers provides an introduction to the combinatorial aspects of normal ordering in the Weyl algebra and some of its close relatives. The Weyl algebra is the algebra generated by two letters U and V subject to the commutation relation UV - VU = I. It is a classical result that normal ordering pow
Combinatorics is mathematics of enumeration, existence, construction, and optimization questions concerning finite sets. This text focuses on the first three types of questions and covers basic counting and existence principles, distributions, generating functions, recurrence relations, Pólya theory, combinatorial designs, error correcting codes, partially ordered sets, and selected applications to graph theory including the enumeration of trees, the chromatic polynomial, and introductory Ramsey theory. The only prerequisites are single-variable calculus and familiarity with sets and basic proof techniques. The text emphasizes the brands of thinking that are characteristic of combinatorics: bijective and combinatorial proofs, recursive analysis, and counting problem classification. It is flexible enough to be used for undergraduate courses in combinatorics, second courses in discrete mathematics, introductory graduate courses in applied mathematics programs, as well as for independent study or reading courses. What makes this text a guided tour are the approximately 350 reading questions spread throughout its eight chapters. These questions provide checkpoints for learning and prepare the reader for the end-of-section exercises of which there are over 470. Most sections conclude with Travel Notes that add color to the material of the section via anecdotes, open problems, suggestions for further reading, and biographical information about mathematicians involved in the discoveries.
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This handbook covers a wealth of topics from number theory, special attention being given to estimates and inequalities. As a rule, the most important results are presented, together with their refinements, extensions or generalisations. These may be applied to other aspects of number theory, or to a wide range of mathematical disciplines. Cross-references provide new insight into fundamental research. Audience: This is an indispensable reference work for specialists in number theory and other mathematicians who need access to some of these results in their own fields of research.
Many basic ideas of algebra and number theory intertwine, making it ideal to explore both at the same time. Certain Number-Theoretic Episodes in Algebra focuses on some important aspects of interconnections between number theory and commutative algebra. Using a pedagogical approach, the author presents the conceptual foundations of commutati
A conversational introduction to combinatorics for upper undergraduates, emphasizing problem solving and active student participation.
Aimed at graduate students and researchers in enumerative combinatorics, this book is the first to treat the analytic aspects of combinatorial enumeration from a multivariate perspective.